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Canje deuda por acción ambiental: propuesta de solución al caso argentino

Authors: Gadano, Mateo;

Canje deuda por acción ambiental: propuesta de solución al caso argentino

Abstract

La pandemia del covid-19, las crisis económicas de muchos países en desarrollo y la crisis ambiental marcaron el inicio de la década de 2020. Muchos países comenzaron a tener problemas de deuda, un problema que en Latinoamérica en general afectó en la década del ’80 y que a Argentina en particular viene azotando desde la década del 1970 en adelante. Las típicas reestructuraciones con bonistas privados significaron quitas de deuda y la entrega de nuevos bonos. En tanto que con organismos internacionales como el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), los canjes significaron estiramiento de los plazos a cambio de una serie de medidas económicas de tinte liberal. La crisis climática que atraviesa el mundo en la actualidad requiere de acciones concretas inmediatamente y por parte de todos los actores: empresas, gobiernos, organismos de crédito, sociedad, etc. Sin perder de vista eso, muchos países deben dar respuestas a crecientes necesidades sociales que se plantean a diario. Dado este contexto se propone un nuevo rol de los organismos de crédito internacional, en este caso del FMI, en el cual se conviertan en actores climáticos activos. En el presente trabajo se propone el canje de parte de la deuda argentina por acción climática que resuelva al mismo tiempo el problema de endeudamiento que tenga el país, pero que a su vez contribuya a reducir los impactos ambientales. Para justificar dicha medida, se mide el valor que otorgan actualmente algunos servicios ecosistémicos en la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo y en los humedales del Delta de Paraná, y se evalúa el potencial de mejora que pueden llegar a obtener en caso de un saneamiento en el caso de la Cuenca o una restauración en el caso de los humedales.

La pandèmia del COVID-19, les crisis econòmiques de molts països en desenvolupament i la crisi ambiental van marcar l'inici de la dècada de 2020. Molts països van començar a tenir problemes de deute, un problema que a Llatinoamèrica en general va afectar en la dècada del ’80 i que a l'Argentina en particular ve assotant des de la dècada del 1970 d'ara endavant. Les típiques reestructuracions amb agents privats van significar quitacions de deute i el lliurament de nous bons. En tant que amb organismes internacionals com el Fons Monetari Internacional (FMI), els bescanvis van significar estirament dels terminis a canvi d'una sèrie de mesures econòmiques de tint liberal. La crisi climàtica que travessa el món en l'actualitat requereix d'accions concretes immediatament i per part de tots els actors: empreses, governs, organismes de crèdit, societat, etc. Sense perdre de vista això, molts països han de donar respostes a creixents necessitats socials que es plantegen diàriament. Donat aquest context es proposa un nou rol dels organismes de crèdit internacional, en aquest cas del FMI, en el qual es converteixin en actors climàtics actius. En el present treball es proposa el bescanvi de part del deute argentí per acció climàtica que resolgui al mateix temps el problema d'endeutament que tingui el país, però que al seu torn contribueixi a reduir els impactes ambientals. Per a justificar aquesta mesura, es mesura el valor que atorguen actualment alguns serveis ecosistèmics a la Conca Matanza-Riachuelo i en els aiguamolls del Delta de Paraná, i s'avalua el potencial de millora que poden arribar a obtenir en cas d'un sanejament en el cas de la Conca o una restauració en el cas dels aiguamolls.

The covid-19 pandemic, the economic crises in many developing countries and the environmental crisis marked the beginning of the 2020s. Many countries began to have debt problems, a problem that affected Latin America in general in the 1980s and Argentina, in particular, since the 1970s onwards. The typical restructurings with private bondholders meant debt write-downs and the issuance of new bonds. Meanwhile, with international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the swaps meant stretching the terms in exchange for a series of liberal economic measures. The climate crisis that the world is currently experiencing requires immediate and concrete actions by all actors: companies, governments, lending agencies, society, etc. Without losing sight of this, many countries must respond to the growing social needs that arise daily. Given this context, a new role is proposed for international lending agencies, in this case the IMF, in which they become active climate actors. This paper proposes a swap of part of Argentina's debt for climate action that would help to solve the country's debt problem, while at the same time helping to reduce environmental impacts. To justify this measure, we measure the value currently provided by some ecosystem services in the Matanza-Riachuelo Basin and in the wetlands of the Paraná Delta and evaluate the potential for improvement in the case of clean-up in the case of the Basin or restoration in the case of the wetlands.

Country
Spain
Keywords

crisis ambiental, Environmental impact analysis, servicios ecosistémicos., Sustainable development, Deuda soberana, servicios ecosistémicos, Desenvolupament sostenible, Medi ambient -- Anàlisi d'impacte, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Impacte ambiental

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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