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Uso de arcilla calcinada en la obtención de aglomerantes activados alcalinamente

Authors: Vera Rey, Adrián;

Uso de arcilla calcinada en la obtención de aglomerantes activados alcalinamente

Abstract

El cemento Portland está considerado como un material constructivo excelente, debido a gran desempeño, a su gran relación calidad – precio y a las materias primas, las cuales se pueden obtener casi en cualquier parte del mundo. Sin embargo, también es cierto que el sector de la construcción contribuye de manera significativa a la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero debido, principalmente, a la elaboración del cemento. Los materiales activados alcalinamente (MAA) se presentan como una alternativa consistente, con cerca de tres cuartos de siglo de investigación, para mitigar esos efectos medioambientales adversos y al mismo tiempo poder desempeñar características similares al cemento Portland. En esta tesis se pretende investigar la posible aplicación de la economía circular al estudiar la viabilidad de la elaboración de aglomerantes activados alcalinamente elaborados con arcilla roja, un residuo de la industria cerámica portuguesa, como sustituto del cemento Portland. Así mismo, se va a exponer qué son y cómo se sintetizan los citados MAA, como se caracterizan, con qué tipos de materiales se pueden elaborar, cuál es su estructura química y cuáles son sus características, así como sus limitaciones. Mediante un proceso experimental exhaustivo se van a elaborar muestras y a obtener una base de datos suficientemente extensa para poder analizar pormenorizadamente el desempeño de estos materiales analizando propiedades relacionadas con la durabilidad, como son la densidad aparente, la porosidad abierta y la absorción de agua, así como sus propiedades mecánicas, como la resistencia a la compresión y a la flexión. De la misma manera, se analizará su composición y su estructura química mediante técnicas de difracción. La finalidad de esta tesis es elaborar, a partir de los datos obtenidos, conclusiones rigurosas y objetivas que permitan arrojar luz sobre la viabilidad de estos MAA elaborados con arcilla roja como sustitutos del cemento Portland.

El ciment Portland és considerat com un material constructiu excel·lent, a causa de gran acompliment, a la seva gran relació qualitat – preu i a les matèries primeres, les quals es poden obtenir gairebé en qualsevol part del món. No obstant això, també és cert que el sector de la construcció contribueix de manera significativa a l'emissió de gasos d'efecte d'hivernacle degut, principalment, a l'elaboració del ciment. Els materials activats alcalinament (MAA) es presenten com una alternativa consistent, amb prop de tres quarts de segle de recerca, per a mitigar aquests efectes mediambientals adversos i al mateix temps poder exercir característiques similars al ciment Portland. En aquesta tesi es pretén investigar la possible aplicació de l'economia circular en estudiar la viabilitat de l'elaboració d'aglomerants activats alcalinament elaborats amb argila vermella, un residu de la indústria ceràmica portuguesa, com a substitut del ciment Portland. Així mateix, s'exposarà què són i com se sintetitzen els citats MAA, com es caracteritzen, amb quins tipus de materials es poden elaborar, quina és la seva estructura química i quines són les seves característiques, així com les seves limitacions. Mitjançant un procés experimental exhaustiu s'elaboraran mostres i s'obtindrà una base de dades prou extensa per a poder analitzar detalladament l'acompliment d'aquests materials analitzant propietats relacionades amb la durabilitat, com són la densitat aparent, la porositat oberta i l'absorció d'aigua, així com les seves propietats mecàniques, com la resistència a la compressió i a la flexió. De la mateixa manera, s'analitzarà la seva composició i la seva estructura química mitjançant tècniques de difracció. La finalitat d'aquesta tesi és elaborar, a partir dels resultats obtinguts, conclusions rigoroses i objectives que permetin llançar llum sobre la viabilitat d'aquests MAA elaborats amb argila vermella com a substituts del ciment Portland.

Portland cement is considered an excellent building material, due to its high performance, its great value for money and the raw materials, which can be obtained almost anywhere in the world. However, it is also true that the construction sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly due to the production of cement. Alkaline activated materials (AAMs) are presented as a consistent alternative, with nearly three quarters of a century of research, to mitigate these adverse environmental effects and at the same time be able to perform similar characteristics to Portland cement. This thesis aims to investigate the possible application of the circular economy by studying the feasibility of the production of alkaline activated binders made from red clay, a waste product of the Portuguese ceramic industry, as a substitute for Portland cement. It will also explain what these AAMs are and how they are synthesised, how they are characterized, what types of materials they can be made from, what their chemical structure is and what their characteristics are, as well as their limitations. By means of an exhaustive experimental process, samples will be prepared and a sufficiently extensive database will be obtained to be able to analyze in detail the performance of these materials by analyzing properties related to durability, such as apparent density, open porosity and water absorption, as well as their mechanical properties, such as compressive and flexural strength. Likewise, their composition and chemical structure will be analyzed using diffraction techniques. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate, from the data obtained, rigorous and objective conclusions that will shed light on the viability of these red clay AAMs as substitutes for Portland cement.

Country
Spain
Keywords

desempeño mecánico, arcilla roja, precursor, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Materials i estructures, Building materials--Testing, Sustainable construction --Materials, activación alcalina, geopolímero, Materials de construcció--Proves, activador, microestructura, Construcció sostenible--Materials

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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