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Turing's algorithmic lens: from computability to complexity theory

Authors: Díaz Cort, Josep; Torras, Carme;

Turing's algorithmic lens: from computability to complexity theory

Abstract

[ES]: La cuestión de la decidibilidad, es decir, si es posible demostrar computacionalmente que una expresión matemática es verdadera o falsa, fue planteada por Hilbert y permaneció abierta hasta que Turing la respondió de forma negativa. Establecida la no-decidibilidad de las matemáticas, los esfuerzos en informática teórica se centraron en el estudio de la complejidad computacional de los problemas decidibles. En este artículo presentamos una breve introducción a las clases P (problemas resolubles en tiempo polinómico) y NP (problemas resolubles de manera no determinista en tiempo polinómico), al tiempo que exponemos la dificultad de establecer si P = NP y las consecuencias que se derivarían de que ambas clases de problemas fueran iguales. Esta cuestión tiene implicaciones no solo en los campos de la informática, las matemáticas y la física, sino también para la biología, la sociología y la economía. La idea seminal del estudio de la complejidad computacional es consecuencia directa del modo en que Turing abordaba problemas en diferentes ámbitos mediante lo que hoy se denomina la lupa algorítmica. El artículo finaliza con una breve exposición de algunos de los temas de investigación más actuales: transición de fase en problemas NP, y demostraciones holográficas, donde se trata de convencer a un adversario de que una demostración es correcta sin revelar ninguna idea de la demostración.

[EN]: The decidability question, i.e., whether any mathematical statement could be computationally proven true or false, was raised by Hilbert and remained open until Turing answered it in the negative. Then, most efforts in theoretical computer science turned to complexity theory and the need to classify decidable problems according to their difficulty. Among others, the classes P (problems solvable in polynomial time) and NP (problems solvable in non-deterministic polynomial time) were defined, and one of the most challenging scientific quests of our days arose: whether P = NP. This still open question has implications not only in computer science, mathematics and physics, but also in biology, sociology and economics, and it can be seen as a direct consequence of Turing's way of looking through the algorithmic lens at different disciplines to discover how pervasive computation is. © 2013 CSIC.

Distribuido bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial 3.0 España”.

Peer Reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

computability, :Informàtica::Automàtica i control [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Classificació INSPEC::Automation, demostraciones interactivas y holográficas, Interactive proofs and holographic proofs, computer science, complexity theory, problemas P y NP, el problema de calcular la permanente de una matriz, Problemas P y NP, Turing [automation Author keywords], Computational complexity, Automation, Automàtica, Complejidad computacional, automation Author keywords: Turing, the permanent problem, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Automàtica i control, algorithmics, :Automation [Classificació INSPEC], Demostraciones interactivas y holográficas, P and NP problems

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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