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Evaluación de la técnica acoplada de elementos finitos y elementos discretos en problemas de fractura de rocas. Aplicación a voladuras en el frente de túneles

Authors: Cornejo Velázquez, Alejandro;

Evaluación de la técnica acoplada de elementos finitos y elementos discretos en problemas de fractura de rocas. Aplicación a voladuras en el frente de túneles

Abstract

El objetivo de la presente tesis es evaluar la eficiencia de un nuevo método numérico que acopla el conocido método de elementos finitos (MEF) con el método de elementos discretos (DEM) para la predicción de las multi-fracturas que se producen en los materiales sometidos a un estado de cargas determinado. Se expondrán también las ventajas de emplear la tecnología FEM-DEM en detrimento de otras formulaciones ya existentes como el método de elementos discretos (DEM) o los modelos de daño convencionales. La tecnología FEM-DEM se comporta inicialmente como un modelo de daño, que considera que el comportamiento no-lineal inelástico que sufre un sólido cohesivo-friccional es consecuencia de la formación y desarrollo de micro-fisuras. Una vez se alcanza un cierto nivel de deterioro del material, la formulación FEM-DEM sustituye ese elemento carente de rigidez por elementos discretos que seguirán la evolución de la fractura. Es por este motivo que se le denomina teoría FEM-DEM ya que se parte de una geometría inicial de elementos finitos, los cuales van a ser solicitados por unas cargas exteriores y, según la intensidad de las mismas, van a deteriorarse hasta transfigurarse en elementos discretos. En primera instancia se ha aplicado dicha técnica al estudio de la rotura de probetas de rocas sometidas a ensayos de compresión uniaxial, tracción indirecta y ensayo de corte. Los ejemplos anteriores fueron de vital importancia para realizar una primera validación del código empleado. A continuación se ha estudiado la aplicación de la técnica FEM-DEM al estudio de la fractura de un frente de túnel sometido a una secuenciación de cargas de voladura determinada así como la simulación de un arco de mampostería sometido a un asiento diferencial.

The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of a new numerical technique that couples the well known finite element method (FEM) with the discrete element method (DEM) in order to predict the onset and evolution of fractures in a continuum subjected to a loading system. Additionally, will be exposed the advantages of using the FEM-DEM theory rather than other existing formulations such as the DEM or the classic damage models. The FEM-DEM formulation initially behaves as a damage model. These models consider that the non-linear behaviour of a cohesive-frictional material is directly related to the creation and propagation of micro-fractures inside the continuum. Once a finite element surpasses a certain level of damage, the FEM-DEM formulation removes that finite element and the discrete elements are generated at the nodes of the damaged element. It is for this reason that the formulation is named FEM-DEM, the model defines the initial geometry with finite elements which are going to be loaded and, according to the stress level, removed and substituted with discrete elements. Firstly, the FEM-DEM has been used to simulate the behaviour of rock samples subjected to uni-axial, indirect tensile and shear tests. The previous examples were of central importance to validate the code and ensure its correctness. Finally, two examples related to civil/mining methods were performed, a tunnel portal subjected to a sequential blast loading and a masonry arch with a differential settlement.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Elements finits, Finite element method, Tunnels, Mètode dels, Elements finits, Mètode dels, Elementos discretos, Mecànica de roques, Túnels, Voladuras, :Enginyeria civil [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Rock mechanics, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil, Fractura, Geomateriales

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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