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La formazione iniziale degli insegnanti nei contesti educativi inclusivi

Authors: Sellari G;

La formazione iniziale degli insegnanti nei contesti educativi inclusivi

Abstract

Nella costruzione delle competenze degli insegnanti nella formazione iniziale, il tema dell’uguaglianza e dell’accettazione delle diversità è predominante. L’Italia, dagli anni Settanta a oggi, ha intrapreso la strada per il superamento dell’esclusione scolastica degli alunni con disabilità e solo di recente, a partire dal 2012, ha esteso tale diritto anche agli alunni non certificati, non diagnosticati e non patologici. In questa prospettiva, l’azione educativa e i processi formativi richiedono competenze complesse e la conoscenza di strategie didattiche efficaci in grado di offrire un’adeguata messa in atto dei più rilevanti modelli di intervento per l’educazione inclusiva. Formare le competenze attraverso i criteri di individualizzazione e personalizzazione significa favorire l’apprendimento tenendo conto dei mezzi comunicativi, delle abilità relazionali ed emotive, dell’organizzazione dell’ambiente e dell’accessibilità dei contenuti affinché ogni discente, sulla base delle proprie abilità di partenza, possa rendersi partecipe del proprio apprendimento e dell’empowerment individuale e collettivo. Sulla scorta di queste prospettive, tenendo conto delle indicazioni contenute nel D.lgs. 59/2017, il saggio si sofferma sul significato e sui paradigmi teorici e metodologici della Pedagogia Speciale con particolare riferimento ai principali indirizzi di ricerca didattica sui bisogni educativi speciali.

In the construction of teachers’ skills in initial training, the theme of equality and acceptance of diversity is predominant. Italy, from the seventies to the present, has taken the road to overcome the school exclusion of children with disabilities and only recently, starting in 2012, has extended this right to non-certified, undiagnosed and non-pathological students. In this perspective, educational action and training processes require complex skills and knowledge of effective educational strategies that can provide adequate implementation of the most relevant intervention models for inclusive education. Forming competences through the criteria of individualisation and personalisation means encouraging learning by taking into account the means of communication, relational and emotional skills, the organisation of the environment and the accessibility of the contents so that each learner, on the basis of his or her own initial skills, can share in his or her own learning and individual and collective empowerment. On the basis of these perspectives, taking into account the indications contained in Legislative Decree 59/2017, the essay focuses on the meaning and on the theoretical and methodological paradigms of Special Education, with particular reference to the main lines of didactic research on special educational needs.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

special educational needs, inclusion, diversità, integrazione, inclusione, bisogni educativi speciali, diversità, potenziale individuale, capability, inclusione, bisogni educativi speciali, integration, integrazione, Settore M-PED/03 - DIDATTICA E PEDAGOGIA SPECIALE, potenziale individuale, integration, inclusion, special educational needs, diversity, capability, diversity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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