Dyslexia is characterized by a severe, persistent reading disorder occurring in an intelligent child. In the large field of learning disabilities, dyslexia is related to a cerebral dysfunction well described with Imagery and genetic studies. Nevertheless the diagnosis of dyslexia cannot be done by another way than clinical symptoms. Optimizing the management of children with dyslexia is a critical issue and is now possible, thanks to the improvement of neurosciences data and the mobilization of the key stakeholders. The knowledge of the precise symptoms is essential in order to lead the child's doctor able to improve coordination and harmonization of teaching and care and guidance of parents.