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La industria lanera genera diferentes tipos de efluentes durante los procesos y tratamientos del vellón desde su obtención hasta su conversión en fibra empleada en el tejido. Dos de los más importantes procesos aplicados a la lana son el lavado y el tratamiento inencogible. La producción de efluentes en el lavado resulta de los siguientes procesos: mojado y desgrasado, y lavado completo del vellón. En algunos de ellos se utilizan agentes tales como bicarbonato sódico y un detergente no iónico. En el tratamiento inencogible es importante resaltar la utilización de compuestos de cloro. En la evaluación de la toxicidad de estos efluentes en peces, se han llevado a cabo ensayos detoxicidad agudos y subcrónicos y se han estudiado los efectos en Oncorhynchus mykiss y en Brachydanio rerio.
The wool industry generates different kinds of effluents throughout the processing and treatment of the fleece from its obtaining to its conversion into the fibre employed in the fabric. Two of the most important treatments applied to wool are the scouring and shrinkproofing processes. The effluent production in the scouring results from the following processes: sweating and degreasing washing, and complete washing of fleece. In some of these processes some agents as builder and nonionic detergent take part. In the shrinkproofing treatment ir is important to note the utilization of chloride compounds. In order to evaluate the toxicity of these effluents to fish, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were carried out, and the effects on Oncorhynchus mykiss and Brachydanio were studied.
L'industrie de la laine génére differentes types d'effluents pendant les procedés et traitements du flocon de laine, dépuis l'obtention jusqu'à la conversion en fibre ou tissu. Les deux procedés les plus importants appliqués a la laine sont le lavage et le traitement irrétrécisable. La production d'effluents dans le lavage provient des opérations de mouillure ou trempage et de dégraissage, et du lavage complet du flocon de laine. Il faut rémarquer la presence des agents tels comme le bicarbonate de sodium et un détergent non ionique. Dans le traitement irrétrécisable de la laine est important l'utilization des composés au chlore. Des essais de toxicité aigue et subchronique ont été efectues en étudiant les effets sur Oncorhynchus mykiss et sur Brachydanio rerio.
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Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria tèxtil ::Impacte ambiental, Llana, Wool, Contaminació, Pollution
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria tèxtil ::Impacte ambiental, Llana, Wool, Contaminació, Pollution
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