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handle: 2099/4077 , 11441/42222
En este trabajo de revision exponemos los principios básicos de la utilización de información adicional en la estimación de parámetros definidos sobre poblaciones finitas, mediante el empleo de estimadores de razón. Aunque la introducción de este tipo de estimadores se realizó inicialmente desde un punto de vista «heurístico», basado en la existencia de relaciones de proporcionalidad directa «aproximada» entre la variable de estudio y otras variables más controladas, su estudio detallado se desarrolla a partir del enfoque de modelos de superpoblación. La problemática principal que ´ presentan este tipo de estimaciones es la existencia de sesgo, lo que obliga a utilizar diseños muestrales específicos o a modificar las expresiones de los estimadores con el fin de obtener estrategias insesgadas o con sesgo reducido, pero manteniendo la simplicidad en la estimacion del error de muestreo.
In this review we expose the basic principles relating to the use of auxiliary information, in order to estimate linear parameters defined over finite populations, by means of ratio type estimators. The construction of these estimators is firstly carried out by means of an heuristic approach based on the existence of a direct proportionality relation between the study variable and the auxiliary variable, but a more formal study is carried out under a superpulation model approach. The main problem of these estimators is the existence of bias, and in order to reduce it, we have to use special sampling designs or to modify the structure of the estimators to obtain unbiased or almost unbiased strategies.
estimadores de razón, Classificació AMS::62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys, Statistics, ratio-type estimators, Estimadores de razón, Poblaciones finitas, finite populations, :62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys [Classificació AMS], Muestreo, sample surveys, Classificació AMS::62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, poblaciones finitas, Sampling, Mostreig (Estadística)
estimadores de razón, Classificació AMS::62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys, Statistics, ratio-type estimators, Estimadores de razón, Poblaciones finitas, finite populations, :62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys [Classificació AMS], Muestreo, sample surveys, Classificació AMS::62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, poblaciones finitas, Sampling, Mostreig (Estadística)
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