The modern state of the problem and the indications and contraindications for performing transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty are discussed. Personal experience is recorded with 67 transduodenal papillosphincteroplasties, performed for the period 1983-1989, against the background of 1091 operations on the hepatobiliary system, 171 of them on the extrahepatic bile ducts, performed during the same period. Proceeding from their own experience and from available data in the literature, the authors analyse and evaluate the surgical and nonsurgical methods of treatment of benign diseases of the terminal common bile duct and the duodenal papilla, manifested by stenotic lesions. The most important indications and contraindications for applying the different therapeutic methods are adduced. Remarks are made on the technique, which is of major practical importance and the respective conclusion is substantiated.