Guided by the literature historical, racial, genetical and diagnostical aspects, likewise associated syndromes and malformations of dolichocephaly and premature sagittal synostosis are represented, also own clinical, roentgenological, pneum- and electroencephalographic findings of 57 patients. Vascular disturbances of brain were striking, further emotional lability and tendency for relapsing depressions. Psychosocial problems of patients with scaphocephaly are discussed in detail and from that a conditional indication for cosmetic correction is asserted.