Dispensarization of the entire population of the Latvian SSR over a 4-year period covering in 1984-87 75-84 percent of adult population resulted in substantial reduction of chronic diseases in the city of Riga (30.2%) including those detected for the first time (22.6%), the reduction being registered both in the age group of persons under 60 and over 60. Paying proper attention to prevention, active detection and treatment of cardiological, gastroenterological, neurological, narcological, surgical, oncological and dermatological diseases among persons under 60 years of age as well as an active treatment of pulmonological, nephrological, endocrinological, urological, ++ophthalmological and otorhinolaryngological diseases specific for the elderly population permit one to provide prevention of premature aging and vital activity of the elderly.