between the impact of the global value chain (GVC) position index at the national level and the gross national income per capita (GNI), and analyzes the impact of the GVC position index of different industries on the GNI per capita. The study uses national-level panel data, covering data from 40 countries from 1996 to 2020, including 20 high-income countries and 20 low-income countries. The results show that the GVC position index at the national level has a positive U-shaped nonlinear relationship with GNI. And the increase in the GVC position of the secondary industry has significantly improved the GNI of both high-income and low-income countries. This study provides new empirical evidence for understanding the nonlinear and heterogeneous economic effects of GVC participation.

MSc in Economics