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Impacto del microbioma intestinal humano en la diabetes

Authors: Razola López, Paloma;

Impacto del microbioma intestinal humano en la diabetes

Abstract

Los avances en los últimos años sobre el conocimiento del microbioma, están teniendo consecuencias revolucionarias en la percepción de su protagonismo en la biología humana. Las investigaciones en los campos de la fisiología gastrointestinal, la dieta, la inmunidad innata y los mecanismos de virulencia de bacterias entéricas ponen de relieve el carácter multifactorial de diversas patologías y su relación con el microbioma y su disbiosis. Recientemente se ha desarrollado el paradigma del microbioma intestinal como desencadenante de diversas alteraciones metabólicas como la diabetes, la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico. Estas enfermedades se están convirtiendo en un problema sanitario de repercusión mundial. La diabetes es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica con alta mortalidad caracterizada, en general, por hiperglucemia y déficit de insulina. Existen evidencias de que los perfiles funcionales bacterianos de la microbiota intestinal cambian en función de diversos factores y patologías. Así, Bacteroidetes y Firmicutes, los dos phyla bacterianos más abundantes en el intestino, modifican su abundancia relativa y son usados como marcadores de disbiosis. En la diabetes de tipo 1 autoinmune, hay aumento de Bacteroides y disminución de bacterias productoras de butirato, respecto a los individuos sanos. En la diabetes de tipo 2, o diabetes mellitus, disminuyen Firmicutes y Clostridia, y aumentan Betaprotobacteria y la ratio Bacteroides vs Firmicutes. En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se analiza el impacto que el microbioma intestinal humano tiene en los distintos tipos de diabetes y sus posibles repercusiones terapéuticas.

Keywords

Farmacología, Farmacología (Farmacia), 616.379, 3209 Farmacología

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green