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Neurotransmisores implicados en la epilepsia y su tratamiento

Authors: García Alonso, Pilar; Simón Velasco, Manuela;

Neurotransmisores implicados en la epilepsia y su tratamiento

Abstract

La epilepsia es una enfermedad que se manifiesta en forma de crisis epilépticas recurrentes, desencadenadas por una descarga eléctrica paroxística y sincrónica de un grupo de neuronas hiperexcitables de la corteza cerebral. Esta hiperexcitabilidad se debe a un desequilibrio entre los procesos neuronales excitadores e inhibidores, llevados a cabo principalmente por los neurotransmisores glutamato y GABA respectivamente. También están implicados los canales iónicos, que regulan la circulación de iones entre el espacio intra y extracelular, alterando el potencial de membrana y siendo relevantes en la sincronización y propagación de las descargas. En esta revisión bibliográfica intentamos conocer mejor ambos neurotransmisores, sus receptores y canales iónicos asociados. Además revisamos los distintos tratamientos para la epilepsia: fármacos con efecto anti-glutamatérgico, fármacos que favorecen la acción del GABA, antiepilépticos que actúan sobre canales iónicos de sodio, calcio o potasio, estabilizando las membranas neuronales y fármacos con nuevos mecanismos de acción.

Keywords

Bioquímica, Farmacología, 612.8, Bioquímica (Farmacia), Neurociencias, GABA, Neurociencias (Medicina), glutamato, antiepilépticos, 615.01, Farmacología (Farmacia), 2490 Neurociencias, 3209 Farmacología, neurotransmisores, convulsiones, 577.1, epilepsia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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