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Les réseaux mystiques au Kazakhstan : entre dhikr et militantisme ?

Authors: Fathi, Habiba;

Les réseaux mystiques au Kazakhstan : entre dhikr et militantisme ?

Abstract

À partir d’une réflexion sur le rôle des réseaux mystiques naqshbandi et yasawi dans la réislamisation au Kazakhstan, l’auteur aborde la question de leur encadrement social parmi une jeunesse en partie acculturée et en proie à des difficultés socioéconomiques. Elle montre comment les jeunes découvrent l’islam grâce à des shaykh actifs qui parviennent à capter leurs espérances déçues du système postsoviétique. Dans cette perspective, ces shaykh essaient de substituer à leur mécontentement et à leurs frustrations un idéal religieux très imprégné de mysticisme. Ainsi, le rapport des jeunes au religieux s’inscrit dans une dimension mystique tout autant qu’il porte sur une réalisation de soi qui s’exprime sur le mode d’une affirmation identitaire collective. Et c’est précisément à travers cette affirmation identitaire collective que la contestation politico-religieuse du régime kazakh risque de se manifester. En témoigne l’action de ces réseaux mystiques, qui s’apparente à celle des mouvements islamiques contemporains par la mise en place de réseaux d’entraide en faveur des couches sociales les plus démunies de la population musulmane du pays et par leur engagement dans une mobilisation sociale. Un tel succès réside dans leur capacité à répondre aux besoins d’aide quotidiens d’une jeunesse en partie transplantée des campagnes dans les villes, et ce au nom d’un idéal soufi enraciné dans une culture religieuse traditionnelle centre-asiatique.

Starting with thoughts on the role of naqshbandi and yasawi mystical networks in the re-Islamization of Kazakhstan, the author tackles the question of their social training of young people who are partly culturally integrated and subject to socio-economic difficulties. She shows how young people discover Islam thanks to active shaykh who manage to tap into their hopes, dashed by the post-Soviet system. To this end, these shaykh try to replace their discontent and frustrations with a religious ideal steeped in mysticism. Thus, young people’s relationship to religion includes a mystical dimension as much as it involves self-realization expressed through collective identity affirmation. And it’s precisely through this collective identity affirmation that politico-religious opposition to the Kazakh regime is likely to manifest itself. This is evidenced by the actions of these mystical networks, similar to those of modern Islamic movements in that they set up aid networks for the underprivileged social strata of the country’s Muslim population, and they are committed to social mobilization. Their great success lies in their ability to respond to the daily needs of young people, some of whom arrived in the cities from the countryside, and this in the name of a Sufi ideal rooted in traditional Central Asian religious culture.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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