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Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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Water, wind, ice and sea

Prehistoric environments in the Nile Basin between 75,000 and 15,000 years
Authors: Williams, Martin;

Water, wind, ice and sea

Abstract

Les climats du Pléistocène récent dans le haut bassin du Nil ont alterné entre froid et sec, et chaud et humide. Entre 75-15 ka le climat dans cette région était principalement sec, avec des phases humides à 55-50 ka et 38-30 ka. Dans la haute Atbara, les âges d’exposition 36Cl des moraines glaciaires sont compris entre 70 et 15 ka, avant que la glace ne fonde, le climat devenant plus chaud.Dans les montagnes de la Mer Rouge des masses d’air chaud venant de la Méditerranée s’étendent au sud jusqu’à 24°N de latitude entre 31.2-22.5 ka, ce qui correspond à la période d’assèchement des lacs aux sources du Nil Bleu et du Nil Blanc. Pendant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (24-18 ka), les températures dans les sources du Nil étaient de 4 à 8°C inférieures à l’actuel et le Nil Bleu était une rivière très saisonnière dont la plupart des sables et graviers qu’elle transportait étaient déposés par le Nil principal au nord du Soudan et au sud de l’Egypte. Le retour abrupt de la mousson d’été à 14.5 ka a pour conséquence de remplir et faire déborder les bassins lacustres ougandais aux sources du Nil Blanc. L’incision épisodique au Pléistocène récent le long du Nil principal a converti d’anciennes plaines d’inondation en terrasses alluviales convenant à une occupation préhistorique.

Late Pleistocene climates in the upper Nile Basin fluctuated between cold and dry, and warm and wet. During 75-15 ka the climate in this region was mostly dry, with moist phases at 55-50 ka and 38-30 ka. In the upper Atbara 36Cl exposure ages for glacial moraines range from 70 to 15 ka, after which the ice melted as the climate grew warmer. In the Red Sea Hills moist air masses from the Mediterranean extended as far south as latitude 24°N during 31.2-22.5 ka, which is when lakes in the Blue and White Nile headwaters were drying out. During the Last Glacial Maximum (24-18 ka), temperatures in the Nile headwaters were 4-8°C lower than today and the Blue Nile was a highly seasonal river with a bed-load of sand and gravel, much of which was deposited by the main Nile in northern Sudan and southern Egypt. The abrupt return of the summer monsoon at 14.5 ka caused the previously closed lake basins in the Ugandan headwaters of the White Nile to fill and overflow. Episodic late Pleistocene channel incision along the main Nile converted former flood plains into alluvial terraces suitable for prehistoric occupation.

Keywords

Blue Nile, Nile Cone, dunes, bassin du Nil, glaciation, Sudd (marais), Delta du Nil, Cône du Nil, Montagnes de la Mer Rouge, Nil, Nil Blanc, Desert Nile, Sudd swamps, Atbara, White Nile, Nile Basin, Nil Bleu, Red Sea Hills, Nile Delta

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze