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Normative Crisis in Regionalist American Short Fiction

Authors: Achilles, Jochen;

Normative Crisis in Regionalist American Short Fiction

Abstract

D’un point de vue méthodologique, cet essai tente d’évaluer la pertinence de concepts anthropologiques et juridiques de transition et de changement dans l’analyse de la fiction brève. La première partie examine la notion de liminalité telle que définie par Victor Turner ainsi que l’état d’exception, théorisé par Carl Schmitt puis Giorgio Agamben, en tant que conceptualisations qui expliquent la suspension et la réorientation de l’ordre normatif. Les théories de la fiction de Jan Mukařovský, Jurij Lotman et Wolfgang Iser font écho à ces notions de transition et de franchissement des frontières. La deuxième partie de cette contribution se penche sur deux nouvelles américaines régionalistes : “Godliness” (1919) de Sherwood Anderson est lue comme une réaction aux transformations de la modernité, réaction qui s’appuie sur l’état d’exception afin de s’efforcer de rétablir une souveraineté théocratique. “Woe to Live On” (2011), de Daniel Woodrell, est envisagée comme mise en scène de l’état d’exception – retrouvé par la mémoire – de la guerre de Sécession et de son anarchie débridée, laquelle renverse radicalement tous les codes moraux. Les états d’exception dépeints dans ces récits ne conduisent ni à la réaffirmation des systèmes de valeurs traditionnels, ni à une trajectoire de changement durable. Ils mettent plutôt en évidence la désorientation normative de l’ère moderne.

Methodically this essay tries to gauge the usefulness of anthropological and juridical concepts of transition and change for the analysis of short fiction. The first part scrutinizes Victor Turner’s liminality as well as Carl Schmitt’s and Giorgio Agamben’s states of exception as conceptualizations which explain the suspension of normative order in the service of reorientation. In theories of fiction by Jan Mukařovský, Jurij Lotman, and Wolfgang Iser such notions of transition and border-crossing reverberate. The second part of the essay analyzes two regionalist American short stories: Sherwood Anderson’s “Godliness” (1919) is read as a reaction to the transformations of modernity by states of exception, which try to re-establish theocratic sovereignty; and Daniel Woodrell’s “Woe to Live On” (2011) is envisaged as the recollected state of exception of the unbridled lawlessness of the Civil War, which radically inverts all moral codes. The states of exception of these stories lead neither to the reaffirmation of traditional value systems nor to a trajectory of lasting change. They rather highlight the normative disorientation of the modern era.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average