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Reacciones adversas a los medios de contraste radiográficos

Authors: Núñez Medina, Luis P.; Choy La Riva, José;

Reacciones adversas a los medios de contraste radiográficos

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio de tipo retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo, con el objetivo de evaluar las reacciones adversas medicamentosas a medios de contraste radiográfico, ocurridos en el Servicio de RC (local central) del Departamento de Imagenología del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Marlins (HNERM), de EsSalud, durante los exámenes radiográficos realizados entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 1997. Se realizaron 5,432 estudios radiográficos, utilizando medios de contraste radiográfico en igual número de pacientes ambulatorios. En 1 .296 exámenes se usó bario oral y/o rectal y en 4, 136 estudios se usaron sustancias yodadas: en 1 ,039 casos y de baja osmolaridad, no iónicas en 3,097 casos de esta osmolaridad, iónicas. En cada estudio realizado se anotaron: nombre, edad, sexo, lipa de medio de contraste usado, tipo de reacción adversa (leve, moderada o severa). medicación previa y medicación empleada para el tratamiento de estas reacciones adversas. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 129 pacientes (3. 12% de 4, 136) presentaron reacción adversa a medios de contraste radiográfico yodados Ocurrieron más casos de reacciones adversas en personas entre 50 y 59 años (35). Del grupo que recibió medios de contraste yodados iónicos o de alta osmolaridad, 117 pacientes presentaron reacción adversa. Del otro grupo que recibieron medios de contraste no iónicos o de baja osmolaridad, 12 presentaron reacción adversa. Un paciente tuvo mareo, luego de usar bario por vía rectal. Luego de recibir medios de contraste iónicos, cuatro pacientes (0, 13%) presentaron shock anafilactoide severo (reacción adversa grave) y en uno de ellos ocurrió además paro cardíaco. Sólo un paciente (0.097%) tuvo shock anafilactoide después de usar medio de contraste no iónico. No se produjeron fallecimientos Las reacciones adversas leves y moderadas presentadas (124), en orden de frecuencia fueron: urticaria generalizada, hipertensión arterial, rubicundez facial, mareo, náuseas y vómitos. Se comparan resultados con otros estudios, se destacan las medidas preventivas, el tratamiento oportuno de las reacciones adversas y se dan recomendaciones finales.

A retrospective descriptive study of adverse reactions to contrast media is reported Study period includes all X-ray examinations performed at the Imaging Department of EsSalud Edgardo Rebagliati Martins from January 1 to December 31 of 1997. In ambulatory care 5432 patients used contrast media, 1296 used oral are rectal barium, 1039 used low osmolarity nonionic iodinated contrast media and 3097 used high osmolarity ionic contrast media. Patients’ data included: name, age, sex, contrast media used, degree of adverse reaction (mild, moderate, severe), previous medication and drugs required for treatment of adverse reactions. 129 patients out of 4136 had ad verse reactions (3, 12%) to iodinated contrast media. Cases were more frequent in patients aged 50-59 years ( 35 cases). 117 cases appeared in the group of patients receiving high osmolarity ionic iodinated contrast media. In contrast only 12 cases appeared in the group receiving low osmolarity nonionic iodinated media. One patient had dizziness after use of rectal barium. Anaphylactoid shock took place in 4 patients (O, 13%) receiving ionic contrast media, one patient had even cardiac arrest. Only one case of anaphylactoid shock occurred when receiving nonionic media. No death occurred. 124 cases were classified as mild and moderate adverse reactions generalized urticaria, high blood pressure, reddish face, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

Keywords

Radiographic contrast media, Medio de contraste radiográfico, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.12, Reacción adversa medicamentosa, Medicine adverse reactions

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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