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Gestión del cambio organizacional

Authors: Duarte Hablutzel, Milenka;

Gestión del cambio organizacional

Abstract

Actualmente, las organizaciones están presionadas a generar cambios en sus objetivos, estructuras y procesos para poder alinearse a las exigencias del mercado global. La única manera de sobrevivir a estos fenómenos es a través de la gestión del cambio. Resulta imposible pensar que las empresas no generen algún tipo de estrategia para afrontar el cambio; por ello, a lo largo de los años han surgido diferentes modelos teóricos, los cuales determinan cómo se debe abordar un proceso de la mejor manera, garantizando así el éxito organizacional. En el caso de las empresas públicas, la gestión del cambio suele verse obstaculizada ya que estas entidades presentan mayores dificultades para alcanzar sus objetivos. Por este motivo, se ha considerado pertinente para el presente estado del arte estudiar el contexto actual de la gestión del cambio en empresas públicas, considerándose una serie de modelos desde las distintas perspectivas teóricas y psicológicas e información de estudios realizados en los últimos cinco años, a nivel nacional e internacional. Asimismo, se identifican variables que influyen positivamente y negativamente en la gestión del cambio. Estas incluyen factores organizacionales (clima, calidad de vida, planificación estratégica, jerarquía organizacional), factores individuales (compromiso, resistencia, participación, actitud, percepción), y factores relacionados a competencias (liderazgo, comunicación, capacitación, trabajo en equipo). A raíz de los hallazgos, se propone que futuras investigaciones profundicen sobre el creciente rol del psicólogo como facilitador o guía del cambio organizacional, utilizando nuevas tendencias como la teoría inversa del cambio y la técnica de constelaciones organizacionales.

Currently, organizations are under pressure to create changes in their objectives, structures and processes in order to align with the demands of the global market. The only way to survive these demands is to implement effective change management. Because of the importance of change management, different theoretical models have emerged, which help determine how to implement change management in the best possible way in order to guarantee organizational success. However, change management in the public sector faces great difficulties, as these entities have more obstacles in relation to accomplishing their goals. Because of this, the current state of the art aims to present the latest research regarding change management in the public sector, and specifically variables that lead to its effectiveness. This state of the art considers a series of models from various theoretical and psychological perspectives, as well as recent information from international and national research carried out in the last five years. Additionally, different variables that affect change management have been identified, which can have a positive or negative effect in this process. These include organizational (climate, quality of life, strategic planning, organizational hierarchy), individual (compromise, resistance, participation, attitude, perception), and training-related (leadership, communication, training, teamwork) factors. In light of these findings, it is vital that future research focuses on the growing role of psychologists as facilitators of organizational change, and on new tendencies such as inverse change theory and the organizational constellations technique.

Country
Peru
Keywords

http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.06.02, Empresas Públicas, http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00, Gestión del Cambio, http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.04.05

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green