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NİCHOLAS D’AUTRECOURT’TA APAÇIKLIK VE NEDENSELLİK SORUNU

Authors: AYDIN, Hasan;

NİCHOLAS D’AUTRECOURT’TA APAÇIKLIK VE NEDENSELLİK SORUNU

Abstract

Nicholas of Autrecourt is philosopher who lived in the 14th century named ad late middle age. The period when he lived is the period in which the scholastic thought of the middle age was criticised, and the religion and the philosophy went their separate ways. Nicholas, adapting himself to this period attempts to make a criticism of the scholastic authorities. He bases his criticisms on the evidence in the knowledge. He say that the evidence can be obtained through experience and noncontradiction. He claims the fact that the knowledge that is not obtained from these two sources is philosophically not obligatory but probable. He also applies his so-called claims to the principle of causality; and he tries to show that causal relation is not verified as priori or posteriori. While he is doing so, he makes use of the atomic teachings of the ancient Greek philosophers and early Mu’tezilî theologians and the causalty criticism of Ghazzâlî. The ciriticims he made to obligation of the principle of the causality even though it was influenced by the point of view of Ghazzâlî transforms it and prioritises the causality and substance ciriticism of David Hume in many respects. Thus in this article the causality criticism of Nicholas of Artecourt is handled in terms of its causes, sources and its influence.

Nicholas d’Autrecourt, geç ortaçağ diye nitelenen 14. yüzyılda yaşamış bir düşünürdür. Yaşadığı dönem, ortaçağın skolastik düşüncesinin eleştiri süzgecinden geçirilmeye başlandığı, din ile felsefenin yollarının yavaş yavaş ayrıldığı bir dönemdir. Nicholas, yaşadığı döneminin ruhuna uyarak, skolastik otoritelerin bir eleştirisini yapmaya girişir. Eleştirilerini, bilgideki apaçıklığa dayandırır. Apaçıklığın ise, doğrudan duyusal deneyim ve çelişmezlik ilkesiyle elde edildiğini vurgular. O, bu iki kaynaktan elde edilmeyen her bilginin, felsefi bakımdan zorunlu değil, olası olduğunu iddia eder. O, söz konusu iddiasını, nedensellik ilkesine de uygular; onun ne a priori ne de a posteriori olarak kanıtlanabildiğini göstermeye çalışır. Bunu yaparken, Eski Yunan filozofları ve erken dönem Mu’tezili kelamcıların atomcu öğretilerinden ve Gazzâlî’nin nedensellik eleştirisinden yararlanır. Nedensellik ilkesinin zorunluluğuna yönelttiği eleştiriler, Gazzâlîci bakıştan etkilense de onu dönüştürür ve pek çok bakımdan David Hume’un nedensellik ve töz eleştirisini önceler. İşte bu makalede, Nicholas d’Autrecourt’un nedensellik eleştirisi, gerekçeleri, kaynakları ve etkileri bakımından ele alınmaktadır.

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Turkey
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Keywords

apaçıklık, casuality, evidence, neden, nicholas d'autrecourt, B1-5802, töz, substance, Bicholas d'Autrecourt;apaçıklık;çelişmezlik;neden;nedensellik;töz, bicholas d'autrecourt, noncontradiction, cause, Philosophy, Felsefe, nedensellik, Nicholas d'Autrecourt;evidence;noncontradiction;cause;casuality;substance, Philosophy (General), çelişmezlik

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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