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Yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde harmonik analizi

Authors: Tüfekçi , Alparslan;

Yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde harmonik analizi

Abstract

Some elements connected to the power circuits may distort sinusoidal waveforms depending on their characteristics and may, therefore, produce deviations. Deviation from full sinusoidal is expressed by harmonics. The main reason for the appearance of harmonics is the non-linearity in electric and magnetic circuits.To talk about quality electric energy, the voltage, current, frequency, and amplitude remain at nominal value at a specified point of the network, and the waveform is in the form of full sinusoidal.In contrast to this definition, it indicates that the energy is of poor quality and these include divergence of wave shape, frequency changes, fluctuations in the amplitude of the voltage, energy interruptions, pulse in the voltage, DC component in the voltage, phase imbalances among the three phases. The energy quality always influences the output loads and receivers distorting the sinusoidal wave.Poor energy quality means that divergence of the waveform from the sinusoidal, change of amplitude, interruptions, a shift in frequency, voltage pulses, voltage containing dc offset, imbalance of three phase. The energy quality is often degraded by the load which distorts the sinusoidal wave shape.The quality of energy in the production and distribution of electricity is a crucial factor regarding consumers. For this reason, it is possible to do energy production without harmonics or to design with new and developing technology. Some problems can be experienced in energy production made with renewable energy sources (such as the absence of continuous solar radiation and heat in solar energy systems). Problems such as delayed response of the control system in the renewable energy systems, distorted and harmonic energy production have been tried to be solved in this thesis. First, electricity from the solar energy system is generated and the response time of this energy to the grid voltage is minimized. With the help of these filters produced, the harmonic levels of the energy produced, are reduced to acceptable levels. Also, about 50kW of energy can be drawn from the output of the system. In part supervising the system, the most appropriate solution method is found by comparing the conventional PID with the fractional PID.

Güç devrelerine bağlanan bazı elemanlar özelliklerine bağlı olarak sinüsoidal dalga şeklini bozar ve bu sebeple sapmalar oluşturabilmektedir. Tam sinüsoidalden sapma harmonik olarak ortaya çıkar. Harmoniğin ortaya çıkmasının başlıca sebebi elektrik ve manyetik devrelerde lineersizliktir.Kaliteli elektrik enerjisinden bahsedebilmek için şebekenin belirlenen bir noktasında gerilimin, akımın, frekansın ve genliğin nominal değerinde kalması, dalga şeklinin ise tam sinüs biçiminde olmasıdır.Bu ifadenin tam tersi ise enerjinin kalitesiz olduğunu gösterir ve bunlar; dalga şeklinin sinüsten uzaklaşması, frekans değişimleri, gerilimin genliğindeki değişmeler, enerji kesintileri, gerilimdeki darbeler, gerilimin DC bileşen içermesi, üç fazdaki fazlar arası dengesizliklerdir. Enerji kalitesini daima çıkıştaki yükler ve alıcılar sinüs dalga şeklini bozararak etkiler.Elektrik enerjisi üretimini ve dağıtımında enerji kalitesi tüketiciler açısından son derece önemli bir unsurdur. Bu sebeple harmoniksiz enerji üretimi yapmak veya tasarlamak yeni ve gelişen teknoloji ile yapmak mümkündür. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile yapılan enerji üretiminde bazı sıkıntılar yaşanabilmektedir (Güneş enerji sistemlerinde güneş ışınlarının sürekli olmayışı ve ısı… gibi). Yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde denetim sisteminin cevabının gecikmesi, bozuk ve harmonikli enerji üretimi gibi sorunlar bu tezde giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle güneş enerji sisteminden elektrik enerjisi üretilmiş ve bu enerjinin şebeke gerilimine cevap süresi minimize edilmiştir. Üretilen bu enerji filtreler yardımıyla harmonik seviyeleri düşürülmüş kabul edilebilir seviyelerde tutulmuştur. Ayrıca sistemin çıkışından yaklaşık 50kW seviyesinde enerji çekilebilmektedir. Sistemi denetleyen kısımda ise klasik PID yanı sıra kesirli PID kullanılarak kıyaslama yapılmış en uygun çözüm yöntemi bulunmuştur.

98

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Turkey
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Keywords

Harmonik, Harmonic analysis, Energy, Power quality, Klasik PID Ve Kesirli PI D ve Filtre, PID, Güç Kalitesi, Enerji

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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