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The Influence of ?anafi-Maturidism on the Determination of the Qualities of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama?ah in the Fourth Century: (The Example of al-?akim al-Samarqandi’s al-Sawad al-A??am)

Hicrî Dördüncü Asırda Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in Vasıflarının Belirlenmesinde Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin Etkisi: (Hakîm Es- Semerkandî Es-Sevâdü’l-A’zam Örneği)
Authors: Keskin, Mustafa; Teber, Hatice;

The Influence of ?anafi-Maturidism on the Determination of the Qualities of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama?ah in the Fourth Century: (The Example of al-?akim al-Samarqandi’s al-Sawad al-A??am)

Abstract

The main issue of our research is to reveal the influence of Hanafī-Māturīdism on the determination of the qualifications of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah in the fourth century of Hijra, with the example of al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī's al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam. In Samarqand, in this century, superstitions and bid'ah (innovation), which were created by the claims of the members of sects other than the main mass, spread in the society day by day. This situation created the necessity of determining the qualifications and principles of the "great majority". At the invitation of the Samānids, a large number of Ḥanafī scholars came to the region and started educational activities in Samarqand and the surrounding areas. Thus, Ḥanafiyya became an influential sect in the region. However, the influence of sects and factions such as the Muʿtazila, Shīʿa, Khārijiyya, and Murji ͗a continued. Ismail b. Ahmad (d. 295/907), the Samānid emir of the period commissioned al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī (d. 342/953) to determine and write down the qualitications of Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jamāʿa in order to ensure that the people stay away from the superstitions and bidʿahs spread by non-Sunnī sects. Samarqandī was also a contemporary of Imam al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944). The fact that al-Māturīdī and al-Samarqandī grew up in the same time period, in the same region, and belonged to the same school of thought, brought up the influence of Ḥanafī-Māturīdism on al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam. This study aims to understand the relationship between Samarqandī's thoughts and the basic principles of belief of Ahl al-Sunna and to determine the position of Ahl al-Sunna within the diversity of sects in the Samarqand region. Samarqandī's work, which is based on sources from the early period of Hanafī-Māturīdī theology, is the first book to define the main structure in the broadest framework and to list its characteristics in items.

Hicrî dördüncü asırda Semerkant bölgesinde Sevâdü’l-A’zam adı verilen ana kitle dışındaki mezhep mensuplarının ortaya attığı iddiaların meydana getirdiği hurafe ve bid’atlerin her geçen gün toplumda yayılması, “büyük çoğunluğun” yani Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in vasıf ve ilkelerinin belirlenmesi zaruretini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sâmânîler’in davetiyle çok sayıda Hanefî uleması bölgeye gelerek Semerkant ve civarında eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerini başlatmıştır. Böylelikle Hanefîlik, bölgede etkili bir mezhep haline gelmiştir. Ancak Mu’tezile, Şiîlik, Hâricîlik ve Mürcîlik gibi diğer mezhep ve fırkaların etkileri de devam etmiştir. Dönemin Sâmânî emiri İsmail b. Ahmed (ö. 295/907), gayri Sünnî mezheplerin yaydığı hurafe ve bid’atlerden halkın uzak durmasını temin etmek maksadıyla Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at’in vasıflarının tespit edilip yazılması için Hakîm es-Semerkandî’yi (ö. 342/953) görevlendirmiştir. Döneminin önde gelen Hanefî ulemasından olan Semerkandî, aynı zamanda İmam Mâtürîdî’nin (ö. 333/944) çağdaşıdır. Mâtürîdî ve Semerkandî’nin aynı tarihlerde, aynı coğrafyada ve aynı düşünce okuluna mensup olmaları, Hanefî-Mâtürîdîliğin es-Sevadü’l-A’zam’a tesirini gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Semerkandî'nin düşünceleriyle Ehl-i Sünnet'in temel inanç prensipleri arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamayı ve Semerkant bölgesindeki mezhep çeşitliliği içinde Ehl-i Sünnet'in konumunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Semerkandî'nin, Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâmının erken dönemine ait kaynaklara dayanılarak yazılmış olan bu eseri, ana bünyeyi en geniş çerçevede tanımlayan ve vasıflarını maddeler halinde sıralayan ilk kitap olma özelliğini taşımaktadır.

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Turkey
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Keywords

History of Islamic Sects|Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama?ah|al-Sawad al-A??am|al-?akim al-Samarqandi|Maturidism|İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi|Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at|es-Sevâdu’l-A’zam|Hakîm es-Semerkandî|Mâtürîdîlik, Islamic Sects, Islamic Studies (Other), History of Islamic Sects;Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamāʿah;al-Sawād al-Aʿẓam;al-Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī;Māturīdism, İslam Mezhepleri, İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer), İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi;Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâ’at;es-Sevâdu’l-A’zam;Hakîm es-Semerkandî;Mâtürîdîlik

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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