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The Ottoman Empire by the End of the First World War: A Study on the Ottoman Economy with the Ottoman Newspapers

Authors: HANEDAR, Avni Önder;

The Ottoman Empire by the End of the First World War: A Study on the Ottoman Economy with the Ottoman Newspapers

Abstract

1914 ve 1918 yılları arasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yıkım yaratan Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na dâhil olmuştu. Savaş sırasında dış ticarete uygulanan kısıtlamalar ve riskli ortam Osmanlı İmparatorluğu iktisadi yaşamında daralmalar ortaya çıkartmıştı. Kamu harcamaları ciddi şekilde yükselmiş ve parasal sistem kontrol edilemez hâle gelmişti. Savaştan yenik çıkılması Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun işgali ve parçalanmasını beraberinde getirmişti. Ayrıca zamanla işgal kuvvetleri ile çatışmalar ortaya çıkmıştı. Tarihsel çalışmalarda, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Bulgaristan’ın Eylül 1918 tarihinde yaptığı ateşkes teklifi sonucunda iktisadi yaşamda ortaya çıkan baskı ile savaştan çekilme noktasına geldiği iddia edilmektedir. Öte taraftan çatışmaların bitişinin yakınlaşması ile riskli dönemin artık geride kalacağının düşünülmesinin iktisadi anlamda iyileşmeler yaratmış olduğu Osmanlı gazetelerinde sıklıkla dile getirilmekteydi. Yazı, bu bağlamda çatışmaların sonlanmakta olduğu süreç içerisinde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu iktisadi yaşamını (Tasvir-i Efkâr ve Vakit gibi) Osmanlı gazetelerindeki yazılar, İstanbul Borsası’na ait döviz kuru ve mal fiyatı verileri ile niteliksel ve niceliksel yöntemlerle incelemiştir. Geleneksel kaynaklara göre gazeteler güncel bilgi ve veri sağlamaktadır. Tarihsel incelemelerde bu tip kaynaklara dayalı çalışma azlığı, yazının literatüre önemli bir katkısını oluşturmaktadır. Sonuçlar, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu iktisadi yaşamının savaşın bitişini ifade eden ateşkes süreci sonucunda iyileşmeler ile karşılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak bu olumlu etkinin kısa süreli olduğu ve zaman içerisinde iktisadi bunalımın etkisini hissettirdiği gözlemlenmiştir.

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire was involved in the World War I, ended with economic disruptions due to trade restrictions and higher risks on production after four years. The conflicts were also correlated with increasing expenditures and monetary instabilities. The war heralded the partitioning of the Empire by the Allies, the occupation, and struggle against them over time. It was argued that when Bulgaria asked for an armistice in September 1918, the Ottoman Empire went into recession, heralding the exit of the war. On the other hand, the Ottoman newspapers provided information on the presence of the economic recovery by the end of the war. Using the Ottoman newspapers (i.e., Tasvir-i Efkâr and Vakit) and data on foreign exchange rates and prices in İstanbul Bourse, this paper empirically examines the Ottoman economy by the end of the conflicts. In comparison to traditional sources on the Ottoman history, the newspapers include contemporary and detailed information and data. The paper’s contribution is important, as no large literature exists on the topic. The findings imply an economic recovery while the conflicts were ending. This effect, however, disappeared in the long run, since there was an economic recession.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Birinci Dünya Savaşı;Selanik Mütarekesi;İstanbul Borsası;döviz kurları;mal fiyatları;iktisadi yaşam, The World War I;The Armistice of Salonica;Istanbul Stock Exchange;foreign exchange rates;prices;economic life., Economics, Social Sciences - Other Topics, Ekonomi

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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