The Mediterranean Monk Seal is the sole pinniped inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and sadly, it ranks among the most critically endangered marine mammals globally. Over recent decades, this species has faced a brutal decline both in its distribution and population numbers, leading to sporadic sightings today. The focal point of this thesis is to provide an updated assessment of the current status of the Mediterranean Monk Seal. This will be achieved through an attentive examination of the latest publicly available documents concerning its distribution, incidences of strandings, and the principal threats it encounters within the Mediterranean region. By synthesizing and analyzing these sources, the thesis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by this elusive predator. Understanding the distribution patterns of the Mediterranean Monk Seal is crucial for identifying its remaining habitats and potential areas for conservation interventions. Documenting and analyzing stranding cases not only sheds light on individual incidents but also helps to reveal broader trends and potential causes of mortality. Furthermore, identifying and assessing the major threats faced by the species, such as habitat degradation, human disturbance, and climate change, is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. In conclusion, by consolidating the latest research findings and insights, this thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive overview that can inform conservation policies and actions aimed at mitigating the decline of the Mediterranean Monk Seal and promoting its long-term survival in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.