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handle: 20.500.12573/838
For Centuries, the world has been the scene of many bloody conflicts as if they were the manifestations of the psychological theories that violence has been seen as the nature of humans (e.g., Berkowitz, 1990; Fiske, 2012). The emergence of nation-states in the 19th century had aimed to dissolve all differences of its citizens into one common group, national identity, yet there have been clashes ever since between different citizen groups such as ethnic, religious, sectarian and gender groups, which has sometimes resulted in genocides that reveal the darkest side of humanity. Besides these painful experiences, humans and human groups have gone through both reconciliation and peace processes. For this reason, in this special issue, we aimed to understand the psychological dynamics of the crimes that humans have committed against their own species, in other words, intergroup conflict and violence that could be endangered by ‘othering’ (Demirdağ & Hasta, 2020), as well as psychological dynamics of reconciliation and peace among them by addressing not only a wide range of theoretical perspectives but also methodological diversity.
Çatışmanın insanın doğası olduğuna yönelik teorilerin (örn. Berkowitz, 1990; Fiske, 2012) adeta toplumsal tezahürü gibi, geçtiğimiz yüzyıldan günümüze dünya birçok kanlı çatışmaya sahne oldu. Devam eden uluslararası kanlı savaşların yanı sıra, ortaya çıktığı 19. yüzyıldan bugüne farklılıkları bir milli kimlik potasında eritmeyi amaçlayan ulus devletlerde etnik, dini, mezhep ve cinsiyet grupları gibi farklı vatandaş grupları arasında; sonu, kimi zaman insanlığın en karanlık yüzünü gösteren soykırımlara varan çatışmalar yaşandı. Ancak bu acı deneyimlerin yanında insan ve farklı özellikleri olan gruplar, yine hem uzlaşı hem de barış süreçlerinden geçtiler. Bu nedenle, insanın kendi türüne karşı işlediği suçların (örn. Staub, 2001), biz ve öteki inşası ile yaşanan çatışmaların (Demirdağ ve Hasta, 2020; Fisher, 2006); bu deneyimlerin ortaya çıkardığı uzlaşı ve ortaklıkların psikolojik dinamiklerini, hem çok çeşitli ve zengin kuramsal perspektifler hem de ampirik bulgularla, gruplar arası ilişkilere odaklanarak anlamayı amaçladık.
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