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Neutralización de micotoxinas por sustancias adsorbentes

Authors: Castañeda Sánchez, Rafael; Chirivella Martorell, Jerónimo; Carbonell Baldoví, Enrique;

Neutralización de micotoxinas por sustancias adsorbentes

Abstract

De acuerdo con los datos aportados por la FAO, más del 25% de la producción agrícola es contaminada por micotoxinas, metabolitos secundarios de diferentes grupos de hongos que pertenecen a la familia de los alcaloides. Dado que en el mercado alimentario es inadmisible la presencia de micotoxinas, se requiere el examen de las materias primas y productos para garantizar la seguridad de los alimentos y la alimentación (Regulación CE 2174/2003). La principal estrategia utilizada para regular la presencia de estos contaminantes alimentarios es aditivar materiales adsorbentes en los piensos animales. Se ha revisado el estado de la técnica en los principales grupos de materiales adsorbentes utilizados: materiales arcillosos, carbón activo y extracto de paredes celulares de levaduras. Se ha discutido el modo de acción de cada tipo de adsorbente, estableciendo una correlación entre sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y estructurales, con las de las micotoxinas. La elevada área específica y la posibilidad de ocluir las micotoxinas en el interior de estos materiales adsorbentes a través de una suma significativa de interacciones débiles –Van der Waals, puentes de hidrógeno, etc.– apuntan a ser las fuerzas determinantes de la captación y retención de estos contaminantes alimentarios. Nuevos desarrollos comerciales en el campo de los adsorbentes, derivados de bentonitas (Novasil Plus) y extractos de paredes celulares de levadura (Bio-Mos®, TB100®) han permitido aumentar la selectividad en la retención de micotoxinas, con lo que se evita la captación simutánea de nutrientes esenciales.

According to data provided by FAO, more than 25% of agricultural production is contaminated by mycotoxins, secondary metabolites of different fungi groups that belong to the chemical family of alcaloids. Due to the unadmisible presence of mycotoxins in the food martek, examination of raw feedstock and foodstuff products is required in order to guarantee food and feed security (CE 2174/2003 Regulation). The principal strategy employed to regulate the presence of these food contaminants is the additivation of adsorbent materials to fodders: clay materials, activated charcoal, and cell wall yeast extracts. We have discussed the state-of-the-art of the mode of adsorption of every adsorbent, establishing the proper correlation among the structural and physicochemical properties of mycotoxins and those of adsorbent materials. The high specific area and the possibility of enclose mycotoxins inside adsorbents via the addition of significative weak interactions –Van der Waals, Hydrogen bonding, etc.– point to be the directory forces in the reception and retention of these food contaminants. New commercial adsorbents, belonging to the family of bentonites (Novasil Plus), and cell wall yeast extract (Bio-Mos®, TB100®), have increased the selectivity towards mycotoxin retention, avoiding the simultaneous retention of essential nutrients.

Ciencias Experimentales

Country
Spain
Keywords

Micotoxinas, Animals Influence of pollution, Animales Influencia de la contaminación, Adsorption, Mycotoxins, 3102 Ingeniería Agrícola, Adsorción

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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