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Article . 2019
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Biofeedback de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca

Authors: Martínez Pérez, Adrián; López Rodríguez, María del Mar;

Biofeedback de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca

Abstract

El biofeedback de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC-BF) consiste en una variedad de retroalimentación cuyo objetivo es el restablecimiento del equilibrio del sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) a través del control respiratorio en aquellos sujetos que padezcan disfunción autonómica. El objetivo principal de esta revisión fue analizar la evidencia científica disponible recientemente sobre la VFC-BF, así como explicar sus mecanismos de acción involucrados. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativo. Se utilizaron revisiones sistemáticas preferentemente para contrastar evidencia sobre su mecanismo de acción. A partir de ahí se examinaron ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados para evaluar y comparar resultados recientes sobre VFC-BF. Tras este análisis, comprobamos que el mecanismo de acción de dicho abordaje terapéutico no resulta aún concluyente, ya que los distintos estudios discrepan en la interpretación de los parámetros de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC). Por su parte, las revisiones sistemáticas consultadas coinciden en que la aplicación de la VFC-BF provoca una mejora de la disfunción autonómica a través del reforzamiento del sistema barorreflejo. Sin embargo, los efectos específicos que tiene este procedimiento sobre el SNA parasimpático aún no están claros. Por otro lado, la distinta metodología existente en la elaboración de los experimentos citados podría haber influido en la obtención de resultados tan desiguales en los ensayos clínicos. Se necesitan, por tanto, más estudios que profundicen en el manejo de este tipo de retroalimentación en patologías específicas.

Heart rate Variability-Biofeedback (HRV-BF) aims to restore autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance through respiratory control in those subjects suffering from autonomic dysfunction. The main objective of this review was to analyze the recently available scientific evidence on HRV-BF, as well as to explain its mechanisms of action involved within the ANS. A bibliographic review of the narrative type was carried out. Systematic reviews were preferably used to test evidence for its mechanism of action. Thus, we examined randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate and compare recent results on HRV-BF. After this analysis we verified that the mechanism of action of this therapeutic approach is not yet conclusive, since the different studies disagree on the interpretation of the parameters of the heart rate variability (HRV). For their part, the systematic reviews consulted agree on the fact that the application of the VFC-BF causes an improvement of the autonomic dysfunction through the reinforcement of the baroreflex system. However, the specific effects of this procedure on parasympathetic ANS are still unclear. On the other hand, the different methodology in the elaboration of the mentioned experiments could have influenced the obtaining of results, so unequal in the clinical trials. Therefore, more studies are needed to deepen the management of this type of feedback in specific pathologies.

Enfermería

Country
Spain
Keywords

Sistema nervioso Enfermedades, Psychological stress, Estrés fisiológico, Physiological stress, 32 Ciencias Médicas, Heart rate, 3205.01 Cardiología, Nervous system Diseases, Frecuencia cardiaca, Estrés psicológico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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