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Article . 2021
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Cerh-Ta'dil İlminde "Deccâl" Kavramının Kullanımı

Authors: Kartal, Alparslan;

Cerh-Ta'dil İlminde "Deccâl" Kavramının Kullanımı

Abstract

Hadis ilminde isnad sistemini işlevsel hale getiren ve onu tamamlayan unsur, râvilerin güvenilirliğinin tespit edilmesidir. Râvilerin güvenilirliğinin tespit edilmesine olan ihtiyaç ise Cerh-Ta‘dîl ilminin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Hadis münekkidleri, ricâl tenkidi yaparken, değerlendirmelerini temsil eden bazı lafızlar kullanmıştır. Ta‘dîl ve cerh için farklı tabirler kullanılmış; daha sonra bunlar hiyerarşik bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Cerh lafızlarının genellikle en üst mertebesinde “kezzâb, vedda‘’” gibi kavramlarla beraber zikr edilen bir başka lafız da “deccâl”dir. Deccâl lafzının lüğavî ve rivayetlerdeki anlamı ile bir cerh lafzı olarak kullanımı arasında bir ilişki var mıdır? İlk defa bir cerh terimi olarak kullanılması hangi dönemdedir? Bu lafzın farklı türevleri var mıdır ve hangi şekillerde kullanılmıştır? Bu lafzın günümüze ulaşan ricâl edebiyatında kullanım sıklığı nedir? Bir râvinin bu lafızla cerh edilmesi için hangi özelliklerin varlığı gerekmektedir? Tarih boyunca bu lafızla cerh edilen râviler kimlerdir ve hangi suçlarla itham edilmişlerdir? İşte bu çalışma bu ve benzeri sorulara cevap bulmayı hedeflemektedir.

The element that makes the Isnad system functional and complements, is the determination of the reliability of the narrators. The reliability of the narrators has revealed the science of Jarh-Ta‘dîl. While criticizing the narrators, hadith critics used some terms. Different terms have been used for ta‘dîl and jarh; they were then subjected to a hierarchical classification. Another word that is mentioned together with concepts such as "kaẕẕāb, wadda‘" at the highest level of jargon is "dajjal". Is there a relationship between the meaning of the word Dajjal in lexical and narrations and its use as a cerh term? When is it used as a criticism term for the first time? Are there different derivatives of this word and in what ways is it used? What is the usage rate of this phrase in the hadith criticism literature that has reached today? What qualities are required for a narrator to be expressed with this term? Who are the narrators who have been given this term throughout history and with what crimes have they been accused? This study aims to find answers to these and similar questions.

إن العنصر الذي یجعل نظام الإسناد وظیفیًا ومكمّلا ھو بالتحدید توثیق أحوال الرواة إذ ظھرت الحاجة إلى توثیق حال الرواة عندما كثر انتقاد روایاتھم، وبذلك ظھر علم الجرح والتعدیل. وقد استخدم النقّاّد في علم الحدیث بعض العبارات والمصطلحات المختلفة في علم الجرح والتعدیل، ثم أخضعوا تلك العبارات وتلك المصلحات لتصنیفات ھرمیة وبحسب حال الراوي، ففي الجرح مثلا استخدموا بعض المفاھیم، وھي في العموم مثل: "كاذب وضّاع"، وكان أعلى مستوى من تلك المفاھیم الناقدة في علم الجرح استعمال كلمة "دجّال". فھل یوجد علاقة وارتباط بین المعنى اللغوي للدجال وبین الروایات التي وردت بھذه الكلمة ؟، وفي أي عصر تم استعمال ھذه الكلمة لأول مرة؟ وھل ھناك اشتقاقات أخرى لھذه الكلمة، وما ھي مجالات استعمالاتھا ؟، وما ھو تواتر استعمال ھذه الكلمة في علم الجرح والتعدیل ؟، وما ھي الصفات التي یجب أن تتوفر في الراوي حتى تطُلق علیھ ھذه الكلمة ؟، ومن ھم الرواة الذین أطُلقت علیھم ھذه الكلمة عبر التاریخ، وبأي سبب اتُھموا بھا؟ إن الھدف من ھذه الدراسة ھو إیجاد إجابات لھذه الأسئلة المطروحة، ولأسئلة مماثلة یمكن طرحھا.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

الدجّال, أدب الحدیث, B5800-5802, Deccâl, Cerh, أصول الحدیث, Hadis usulü, Islamic law, الجرح, Hadis edebiyatı, Dajjâl, KBP1-4860, Hadith methodology, التعدیل, Ta‘dîl, Jarh-ta‘dîl, By religion, Hadith literature

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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