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Psikanalitik ve psikodinamik perspektiften din ve maneviyat

Authors: TÜRK, Muhammed Erdinç; BİLİCİ, Mustafa;

Psikanalitik ve psikodinamik perspektiften din ve maneviyat

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to examine the concepts of religion and spirituality within the scope of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic methods using archive scanning method. Studies of psychology on God, religion and spirituality have been increasing in recent years. Claiming that there is a connection between the relationship with the parent and childhood experiences and neuroticism, Freud described the rituals of primitive tribes in God and religion as a religious neurosis, citing the similarity of established relationships. Leaving from psychoanalysis, which he followed for a while, Jung developed the concepts of consciousness, personal unconscious and collective unconscious, and dealt with people and their behaviors with an approach called "analytical psychology". Although Jung did not give any idea about God's transcendence, he associated religion with the collective unconscious and claimed to be an archetype. According to Jung, the image of God can be encountered through religious rituals and experiences. Also, religion is within the scope of psychological reality. Attachment and object relations theories deal with the phenomena of religion and spirituality from the perspective of the relationship established with the mother and the environment. It is seen that these methods and approaches maintain their popularity in modern psychology and are still influential in religion and spirituality issues.

Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasının amacı, din ve maneviyat kavramlarını psikanalitik ve psikodinamik ekolleri kapsamında arşiv tarama yöntemini kullanarak incelemektir. Psikolojinin Tanrı, din ve maneviyat ile ilgili çalışmaları son yıllarda artarak devam etmektedir. Ebeveyn ile kurulan ilişki ve çocukluk dönemi tecrübeleri ile nevrotiklik arasında bir bağlantı olduğunu iddia eden Freud, Tanrı ve din konularında ilkel kabilelerin ritüellerini, kurulan ilişkilerin benzerliğini örnek göstererek dini bir nevroz olarak tanımlamıştır. Bir dönem takipçisi olduğu psikanalizden ayrılan Jung ise bilinç, kişisel bilinç dışı ve kolektif bilinç dışı kavramlarını geliştirmiş, ‘analitik psikoloji’ adını verdiği yaklaşımla insan ve davranışlarını ele almıştır. Jung, Tanrı’nın aşkınlığı hakkında herhangi bir fikir bildirmemekle birlikte dini kolektif bilinç dışı ile ilişkilendirmiş ve bir arketip olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Jung’a göre Tanrı imgesiyle dinî ritüeller ve tecrübeler aracılığıyla karşılaşılabilir. Ayrıca din, psikolojik gerçeklik kapsamındadır. Bağlanma ve nesne ilişkileri kuramları ise din ve maneviyat fenomenlerini anne ile kurulan ilişki ve çevre perspektifinden ele almaktadır. Bu ekol ve yaklaşımların modern psikolojide popülerliğini koruduğu gibi din ve maneviyat konularında da hâlen etkili olduğu görülmektedir.

Doktora Öğrencisi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Bilim Dalı, m.erdincturk@gmail.com, ORCID 0000-0002-3527-3557 (Sorumlu Yazar) -- İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi Psikoloji Bölümü, mustafa.bilici@izu.edu.tr ORCID 0000-0002-2393-1532

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Psikodinamik, Religion, Psikanaliz, Din, Kuramlar, Maneviyat, Spirituality, Theories, Psikanaliz;psikodinamik;kuramlar;din, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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