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Zika Virus Infection Zika Virüs Enfeksiyonu

Authors: Barkay, Orçun; Karakeçili, Faruk;

Zika Virus Infection Zika Virüs Enfeksiyonu

Abstract

Zika virüsü, Flaviviridae familyasından, Flavivirüs genusundan zarflı, ikozahedral kapsid yapısında, tek zincirli bir RNA virüsüdür. Zika virüsü, 1947’de ilk kez izole edildiği bir Uganda ormanının adını almıştır. İlk olarak dünyada 2007’de Mikronezya Yap Adaları’nda, Batı yarımkürede 2014’te Şili’de ve ABD’de 2016’da tespit edilmiştir. Ülkemizdeki ilk vakalar 2017’de İstanbul’da tespit edilmiş Güney Amerika ziyareti olan dört importe vakadır. Zika virüsü insanlara enfekte sivrisinek ısırığı, transplasental, cinsel, kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu, organ transplantasyonu, laboratuvar maruziyeti yoluyla bulaşabilir. Zika virüs ile enfekte insanların %20’si hastalanır, diğerleri hastalığı asemptomatik olarak geçirirler. Zika virüs enfeksiyonunun en yaygın semptomları ateş, döküntü, eklem ağrısı ve konjonktivittir. Diğer yaygın semptomları ise kas ağrısı ve baş ağrısıdır. İnkübasyon süresi 2-14 gündür. Hastalık genellikle hafiftir; belirtiler 2-7 gün içinde geçer. Hastanede yatış gerektiren ciddi hastalık nadirdir ve vaka-ölüm oranları düşüktür. Çocuklarda intrauterin, intrapartum ve doğum sonrası enfeksiyon görülebilir. CDC, hamilelik sırasındaki enfeksiyonun mikrosefaliye neden olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Bu nedenle gebelikte enfekte olduğu tespit edilen hastanın fetüsünün ve doğum sonrasında infantının olası konjenital enfeksiyon ve nörolojik anomaliler açısından değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Zika virüsü RNA’sı (serum, idrar veya tam kanda) gerçek zamanlı ters transkripsiyon PCR (rRT-PCR) ile saptanabilir. Ayırıcı tanısında başlıca Dang, Chikungunya enfeksiyonları; leptospiroz, sıtma, riketsiyal enfeksiyonlar, A grubu streptokok enfeksiyonları bulunmaktadır. Spesifik bir tedavi yoktur. Dehidrasyonun önlenmesi, ateş ve ağrıyı hafifletmek için asetaminofen uygulanması gibi semptomatik tedaviler uygulanır. Enfeksiyonu önlemede sivrisineklerle mücadele önem taşımaktadır. Aşı çalışmaları devam etmektedir.

The Zika virus is a single-stranded enveloped RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus, which has an icosahedral capsid structure. The Zika virus was named for the first time in 1947 in the Uganda forest, where it was isolated. It was first identified in the World in 2007 in the Micronesia Yap Islands, in the Western Hemisphere in 2014 in Chile and in the USA in 2016. Four imported cases had travelled to South America were the first cases seen in our country in Istanbul in 2017. Zika virus can be transmitted to humans through infected mosquito bites, transplacental, sexual, blood and blood products transfusion, organ transplantation and laboratory exposure. 20% of people infected with Zika virus become ill, others are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection are fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period is 2-14 days. The disease is usually mild; the symptoms recover in 2-7 days. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is rare and case-death rates are low. Intrauterine, intrapartum and postnatal infection can be seen in children. The CDC concluded that infection during pregnancy can cause fetal microcephaly. For this reason, the fetus and the infant should be evaluated for possible congenital infection and neurological anomalies. Zika virus RNA (serum, urine or whole blood) can be detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR). Dengue, Chikungunya infections; leptospirosis, malaria, rickettsial infections, group A streptococcal infections are in differential diagnosis. No specific treatment. Symptomatic treatments such as prevention of dehydration, administration of acetaminophen to relieve fever and pain are applied. The fight against mosquitoes is important in preventing infection. Vaccination studies are ongoing.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Epidemiology, zika, Epidemiyoloji, microcephaly, mikrosefali

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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