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İngiliz Seyyah Lady Elızabeth Craven’in Gözünden 1786 Tarihinde Kırım

Authors: KARABULUT, Asuman;

İngiliz Seyyah Lady Elızabeth Craven’in Gözünden 1786 Tarihinde Kırım

Abstract

1785-1786 tarihleri arasında Avrupa’nın pek çok ülkesinin yanı sıra Kırım ve Osmanlı topraklarındada seyahat eden Lady Elizabeth Craven, bu bir yıllık seyahati boyunca Prusya Dükü ve Sayn Kontu olanChristian Frederick Charles Alexander’a toplamda altmış sekiz mektup yazmıştır. Craven, Fransa’dayazmaya başladığı mektuplarını Viyana’da sonlandırmış, buradan da Prusya Dükü Charles Alexander’ınyanına dönmüştür. Yazdığı bu mektuplarda gezip gördüğü yerlerin doğası, insan ilişkileri, ticari hayatı,kadınlar, erkekler, giyim-kuşam, yapılar, sokaklar, köyler, hayvanlar, mezarlıklar, inançlar ve geleneklerüzerine pek çok konuya değinmiştir. Gezisi esnasında seyahat ettiği memleketlerin geçmişini anlatannotlar çıkarmayı ihmal etmeyen Craven, Kırım’a gelmeden önce de Moskova’da yazdığı bir mektuptaöncelikle bu coğrafyanın tarihine değinmiştir. 12 Mart-20 Nisan 1786 tarihleri arasında Kırım’da kalanseyyah, buradaki Kherson, Perekop, Karasubazar, Balaklava, Akmescit, Kefe, Sivastopol, Bahçesaray,Sudak, İnkerman, Baydar gibi şehir ve kasabaları gezmiş, istirahatlerini ise genellikle şehrin önde gelensoylularının ve askeri mensuplarının evlerinde yapmıştır. Adına pek çok yemek ve toplantı düzenlenenCraven, Kherson gezisi esnasında Çariçe II. Katerina’nın gözde komutanlarından Prens Potemkin’inevinde misafir olmuştur. Onunla ilgili pozitif düşünceleri dikkat çekicidir. Tatarlar ve Kosaklar ile ilgilide olumlu ve olumsuz yargıları bulunmaktadır. Craven, burada kaldığı sürece gezisini kibitka denilenbir at arabasıyla gerçekleştirmiştir. Zaman zaman da hayran olduğu Kosak atlarına binmiştir. Craven,Kırım’da seyahati esnasında tecrübe ettiği her şeyi Prusya Dükü ve Sayn Kontu Charles Alexander’ayazdığı dokuz mektupta anlatmıştır. XVIII. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru yazılan bu eser seyahat edilenülkelerin siyasî, iktisadî, içtimaî özelliklerini yansıtması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmadaise savaştan yeni çıkmış ve Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması’nı imzalamak zorunda kalmış OsmanlıDevleti’nin elinden kayıp giden Kırım’ın beşerî ve kısmen siyasî yönlerinin bir İngiliz’in bakış açısıylasunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Lady Elizabeth Craven traveled to many countries of Europe from 1785 to 1786, as well as the Crimeanand Ottoman lands. Throughout this one-year journey she wrote with her sixty-eight letters, in literary, toChristian Frederick Charles Alexander, duke of Prussia, her observation. Craven began writing her lettersin France and ended up in Vienna. And then the Duke of Prussia turned to Charles Alexander. Her letterscontain many topics on nature, human relations, commercial life, women, men, clothing, structures, streets,villages, animals, cemeteries, beliefs and traditions. Craven, who does not neglect to make notes about thehistory of the countries she traveled during her journey, first referred to the history of this geography ina letter she wrote in Moscow before arriving in Crimea. She stayed in Crimea between 12 March and 20April 1786. She visited cities and towns such as Kherson, Perekop, Karasubazar, Balaklava, Aqmescit, Kefe,Sevastopol, Bahçesaray, Sudak, İnkerman, Baydar and usually rested in the homes of prominent nobility andmilitary members of the city. Many meals and meetings were organized for Craven. During the Khersontrip, the Czarina II. Katerina’s favorite commanders was guests at Prince Potemkin’s house. Craven thoughtabout positive things about him. She had positive and negative judgments about Tatars and Cossacks. Aslong as she stayed there, had a journey with a horse cart called kibitka. From time to time, she riding Cossackhorses, which she admired. During her journey in Crimea she told all of her experiences in nine letterswrote to the Prince of Prussia. This work written towards the end of the 18th century is important. Becausethis work presents the political, economic, and social characteristics of the travelling countries. However,this work is about the Crimea that the Ottoman Empire lost after the war and which had to sign The Treatyof Küçük Kaynarca. Aimed to present the human and partly political aspects of Crimea from an Britishpoint of view.

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Tatarlar, Craven;Crimea;Tatars;Cossacks;journey, Kırım, Craven, seyahat, Craven;Kırım;Tatarlar;Kosaklar;seyahat, Kosaklar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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