Infants with intrauterine fetal growth restriction (FGR) according to gestational age and low birthweight are known as "small for gestational age" (SGA). These infants are born at < 10th percentile of the fetal weight estimated according to gestational age. Symmetrical FGR is seen in 30% of cases and asymmetrical FGR in 70%. The current frequency of SGA infants has been reported as 10-12%. Genetic factors, TORCH infections, nutrition, environmental factors, drugs, smoking, and radiation exposure have a role in the etiology. In the physical examination of SGA infants, hypotonia, peeling skin, reduced muscle mass, and subcutaneous fat tissue are examined. The faces of seriously affected infants have a shrunken or puckered appearance. The umbilical cord is generally thin. Cranial sutures may be expanded, and the anterior fontanelle is larger than expected because of the decreased formation of membranous bone. The first management of a newborn with FGR is supportive and directed at preventing related complications. These complications include prematurity, hypoglycemia, hyper-viscosity, hypocalcemia, hypothermia, polycythemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lactic acidosis, coagulopathy, and immune deficiencies. Infants born with FGR are at risk in later life of coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertension, and adult chronic diseases, primarily chronic kidney disease. These infants must be followed up carefully in respect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and low cognitive performance. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.