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Tratamento dentário de crianças com necessidades especiais: Revisão sistemática integrativa

Authors: Scarpa, Martina;

Tratamento dentário de crianças com necessidades especiais: Revisão sistemática integrativa

Abstract

Introdução: Os indivíduos com incapacidades enfrentam diversos desafios no acesso aos cuidados de saúde, incluindo os dentários, os quais abrangem barreiras arquitetónicas, comunicativas, informacionais, médicas, psicológicas, legais, econômicas e sociais. O termo "necessidades especiais" inclui uma gama de deficiências físicas, mentais, sensoriais e comportamentais. Podem ser congênitas, resultantes de desenvolvimento ou adquiridas. Estas crianças frequentemente enfrentam um maior risco de problemas de saúde oral, tais como cáries, má oclusão, problemas gengivais, bruxismo entre outros. Objetivos: Identificar as melhores técnicas e estratégias e as diversas barreiras encontradas, na obtenção dos cuidados de saúde oral, em crianças com necessidades especiais. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na PubMed, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: “children, dentistry for (MESH)", "dental fear (MESH)", “oral health (MESH)”, “dentistry (MESH)”, “disability, intellectual (MESH)”, combinadas com “AND” e “OR”. Foram selecionados artigos dos últimos 10 anos obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: As barreiras de acesso aos cuidados de saúde oral incluem escassez de profissionais de saúde oral com formação especializada, consultas não comparecidas, dificuldades de transporte e falta de consciencialização sobre saúde oral. Estas são particularmente prevalentes entre as populações vulneráveis e desfavorecidas. Destaca-se a importância de programas de educação continuada e iniciativas de sensibilização. Conclusões: As abordagens ideais podem ser não farmacológicas e farmacológicas usadas no controlo comportamental. As barreiras enfrentadas no acesso aos cuidados de saúde oral são; a espera prolongada por consultas, falta de formação especializada da equipa de saúde oral, interrupções no tratamento, transporte e comunicação.

Introduction: Individuals with disabilities face various challenges in accessing healthcare, including dental care, which encompass architectural, communicative, informational, medical, psychological, legal, economic and social barriers. The term "special needs" includes a range of physical, mental, sensory and behavioural disabilities. They can be congenital, developmental or acquired. These children often face a higher risk of oral health problems, such as tooth decay, malocclusion, gum problems, bruxism and others. Objectives: To identify the best techniques and strategies and the various barriers encountered in obtaining oral health care for children with special needs. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed using the following keywords: "children, dentistry for (MESH)", "dental fear (MESH)", "oral health (MESH)", "dentistry (MESH)", "disability, intellectual (MESH)", combined with "AND" and "OR". Articles from the last 10 years were selected complying with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Barriers to accessing oral health care include a shortage of oral health professionals with specialised training, missed appointments, transport difficulties and a lack of awareness about oral health. These are particularly prevalent among vulnerable and disadvantaged populations. The importance of continuing education programmes and awareness-raising initiatives is highlighted. Conclusions: Optimal approaches can be non-pharmacological and pharmacological used in behavioural control. The barriers faced in accessing oral health care are; prolonged waiting for appointments, lack of specialised training for the oral health team, interruptions in treatment, transport and communication.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Disability, Dentistry (MESH), Oral health (MESH), Dentistry for (MESH), Children, Intellectual (MESH), Dental fear (MESH)

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green