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A psicologia positiva aplicada ao contexto escolar

Authors: Ramôa, Maria Manuel Valente Braz Sepúlveda;

A psicologia positiva aplicada ao contexto escolar

Abstract

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para a obtenção de grau de mestre em educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico A Psicologia positiva é considerada uma nova perspetiva de investigação e intervenção, promovendo o estudo das condições e processos que contribuem para o florescimento ou funcionamento ótimo das pessoas, grupos ou instituições, pretendendo debruçar-se sobre as experiências positivas tais como as emoções positivas (felicidade, esperança, alegria), as características positivas individuais (caráter, forças e virtudes) e as instituições positivas (organizações, sociedades ou ambientes físicos a todos os títulos saudáveis baseados no sucesso e potencial humano). Este trabalho teve o propósito de tentar perceber de que modo a psicologia positiva pode trazer benefícios ao contexto escolar, nomeadamente ao nível do rendimento escolar dos alunos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo com uma turma do 3º ano, onde as crianças responderam a um inquérito já existente, o VIA Strength Survey for Children de Peterson e Seligman (2004), adaptado para crianças dos 8 aos 17 anos. Este inquérito é composto por 198 questões que avaliam quais são, dentro de 24 forças de caráter, as forças mais presentes em cada criança. Ao obter uma lista das 24 forças ordenadas de cada um dos inquiridos, procedeu-se ao tratamento dos dados. Os resultados foram obtidos após a análise de dados, onde foram observadas as forças de caráter e virtudes dominantes no geral e segundo o género. Constatou-se que as cinco forças de caráter mais dominantes da turma foram, em primeiro lugar, a espiritualidade; em segundo lugar, a honestidade; em terceiro lugar, o trabalho de equipa; em quarto a gratidão e, finalmente, em quinto lugar, a perseverança. Pôde-se verificar também que existem diferenças entre os géneros ao nível das suas forças dominantes. Os rapazes estão melhor classificados do que as raparigas nas forças de espiritualidade, trabalho em equipa, gratidão e gosto pela aprendizagem. Por outro lado, as raparigas estão melhor classificadas nas forças de honestidade, perseverança e esperança Positive psychology is considered to be a new perspective of investigation and intervention, promoting the study of conditions and methods that contribute to the flourishing or optimal operation of people, groups or institutions and aiming to look into positive experiences such as positive emotions (happiness, hope and joy), positive individual traits (character, strenghts and virtues) and positive institutions (organisations, companies or physical environments in all respects healthy based on human success and potential). This study had the purpose of perceiving how positive psychology can benefit the school context, namely regarding students’ school performance. In order to achieve this, a study was conducted with a third grade class, where children answered an already existing inquiry, the Via Strenght Survey for Children by Peterson and Seligman (2004), adapted to children from 8 to 17 years of age. This inquiry is comprised of 198 questions that assess which character strenghts, within a total list of 24, are the most present ones in each one of us. After obtaining an ordered list of these 24 strenghts for every student, the data processing followed. The results were obtained after the data analisys, in which were observed the dominant character strenghts and virtues in general and according to gender. It was found that the five most dominant character strenghts in the class were, in order, spirituality, honesty, team work, gratitude and, lastly, perseverance. It was also possible to ascertain that there are diferences between genders regarding dominant strenghts. Males are higher rated than females in the strenghts of spirituality, team work and taste for learning. On the other hand, females are higher rated in the strenghts of honesty, perseverance and hope.

Keywords

Educação pré-escolar, Psicologia positiva, Ensino básico 1º Ciclo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green