Microrheology is the study of the flow of matter in the micron-time, length and volume scales. The high-frequency viscoelasticity of soft condensed matters such as surfactant and polymer solutions can be precisely investigated and consequently the fast relaxation mechanisms in tandem with an accurate estimation of the characteristic length scales can be inferred. In addition, the characteristics of microenvironment and heterogeneity of biological materials, achieving miniaturization, can be probed. In this chapter, we summarize the recent methods of microrheology and compare them to conventional rheometry. We highlight the major advantages and their applications to study the viscoelasticity of some selected soft matter systems such as surfactant wormlike micelles, polymer solutions and lyotropic liquid crystalline phases