One hundred twelve specimens from bovine incisors were divided into eight groups: Group 1 (treated with 10% strontium chloride gel), Group 2 (treated with 2% sodium fluoride gel), Group 3 (treated with 2% stannous fluoride gel), Group 4 (treated with 5% potassium nitrate gel), Group 5 (treated with 10% potassium nitrate gel), Group 6 (treated with 3% potassium oxalate gel), Group 7 (treated with hydroxyethylcellulose gel), and Group 8 (which received no treatment). Dentinal tubules were exposed after 0.5 mm of deep abrasion using a carbide bur and EDTA gel application. After each treatment, dentin permeability, tubule occlusion, and chemical elements on dentin were analyzed. There was a significant difference among groups in dentin permeability (p < 0.05 ANOVA). Groups 4, 5, and 6 showed the lowest values, while Groups 1, 7, and 8 exhibited the highest. Groups 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 showed open dentinal tubules, Groups 4 and 5 had partial tubule occlusion, and most of the tubules in Group 6 were obliterated. Energy-dispersive x-rays revealed similar chemical characteristics among the experimental agents used, with traces of strontium, fluoride, sodium, and potassium. Within the limits of the study, 3% potassium oxalate gel showed the best results in terms of dentin permeability and dentinal tubule occlusion.