The purpose of this study is to present, on the basis of the current literature, the actual state of knowledge on the subject of microvitrectomy: surgery technique, indications, contraindications, potential benefits and possible complications. Introduced in 2002, 25-gauge, transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) becomes more popular surgical technique, which can replace in many cases standard 20-gauge vitrectomy. Recent study results indicate, that TSV is effective and safe surgery technique which is characterized by shorter surgery time, reduction of postoperative inflammation and faster rehabilitation in comparison to 20-gauge vitrectomy. Combination of TSV 25-gauge with 23-gauge vitrectomy has also potential possibility to replace standard 20-gauge vitrectomy even in cases with necessity silicon oil tamponade.