From 1930 to 1989 postoperative rupture of abdominal wound occurred in 0.42 per cent (n = 82) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Rostock. 60 per cent of the patients were younger than 50 years. Patients of reduced general condition and anaemia were predisposed to this complication. We observed postoperative alterations of the respiratory tract in 13 per cent and alterations of the gastro-intestinal tract in 20 per cent which lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure. We observed postoperative wound rupture only in 8 cases after Pfannenstiel's incision, but all other times after median section, predominantly during the 7th and 12th postoperative day. All patients were treated by secondary suture, immediately. 8 patients came to death, three of them had no direct link to wound rupture. For prophylaxis the use of non-absorbable suture material, safety sutures, intraoperative blood and protein substitution and prevention of affections of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract are recommended.