Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide. In spite of serious health sequelae including facilitation of HIV transmission, PID, and adverse outcomes of pregnancy, it remains an underestimated condition, as a half of female infections and the majority of male infections are asymptomatic. T. vaginalis infection was not restricted in high-risk groups, so screening or empiric treatment of low-risk groups should be considered. To develop diagnostic tests which is valuable like PCR and cheap like wet mount microscopy, and the targeted screening of asymptomatic patients will allow a large understanding of T. vaginalis epidemiology and raises concern about the impact of HIV transmission and female reproductive health. T. vaginalis can no longer be ignored.