Postoperative adhesions occur after most surgical intraabdominal procedures, and small bowel obstruction is a common complication. Research has focused on the pathophysiology of adhesion formation and on the development of prophylactic barriers and drugs. The present paper provides a resume of existing research into peritoneal adhesion prophylaxis and pathophysiology. In conclusion, using minimal invasive technique is important to prevent adhesions. Adhesion studies should offer precise description of the adhesions and video documentation.