The patient, a woman of 45 years old, presents a posterior scleritis at the left eye with palpebral edema, enophthalmos, posterior episcleral congestion, aches at the eye movements and in the extreme glance. Seven years ago she was hospitalized for the same phenomena at the right eye. The posterior palindromic scleritis, more frequent at women, is interpreted as a collagenopathy especially found in rheumatoid polyarthritis determined by a vasculitis through depositions of immune complexes at the level of the short posterior ciliary arteries with the activation of the complement and of the chemical vasoactive mediators.