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Studies in the fluoranthene series

Authors: Easton, William White;

Studies in the fluoranthene series

Abstract

1. It has been shown that in Friedel-Crafts reactions acetylation, benzoylation and phthaloylation of fluoranthene give the 4- and 11- substituted Isomers in approximately equal quantities. In some cases a small percentage of disubstituted compound Is also formed. This is not in agreement with von Braun's work which claimed that acylation occurred predominantly in the 12-(11-)- position with only small amounts of the substituted isomer.

3. A Friedel-Crafts reaction with oxalyl chloride gave fluoranthene-11-carboxylic acid and fluoranthene-4:11-dicarboxylic acid in a ratio of 2:1. This agrees with von Braun's results. A preparation of the carboxylic acids by the Houben reaction gave predominantly fluoranthene-11-carboxylic acid.

8. Oxidation of 11-benzoyl-fluoranthene with chromic anhydride in glacial acetic acid gave an acid which was different from that obtained in 7. Decarboxylation gave 2-benzoyl-fluorenone which proved that the benzoyl group was in the 11- position in the original benzoyl-fluoranthene.

7. On oxidation with chromic anhydride in glacial acetic acid and decarboxylation of the product, 4-benzoyl-fluoranthene yielded 2-benzeyl-fluorenone. This proved definitely that the benzoyl group was in the 4- position in the original bonzoyl-fluoranthene.

4. Fluoranthene-4-carboxylic acid (prepared by acid hydrolysis of 4-cyanofluoranthene) was easily decarboxylated, whereas fluorantnene-11-carboxylic acid was not. Fluoranthene 4:11-dicarboxylic acid was decarboxylated to fluoranthene-11-carboxylic acid,

2. 4-Benzoyl-fluoranthene and 4-acetyl-fluoranthene were synthesised from 4-bromo-fluoranthene, by way of the nitrile, with Grignard reactions. 4-o-Carboxybenzoyl-fluoranthene was decarboxylated to 4- benzoyl-fluoranthene.

5. Benzoylation of l:2:5:4~tetrahydrofluoranthene gave predominantly 4-benzoyl-5t5:7 :8-tetrahydrofluoranthene. This agrees with similar substitutions carried out by von Braun.

9. Experiments to orientate a dibromofluoranthene were not completed successfully. The oxidation product may have been a monobromo-f'luorenone-carboxylic acid.

6. Benzoylation of naphthalene in nitrobenzene as solvent gave a mixture of 54% α-benzoyl- and 46% ß- benzoyl-naphthalene.

Country
United Kingdom
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Keywords

Annexe Thesis Digitisation Project 2017 Block 15

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