Twenty-two species of sandflies are known to be present in Algeria: 12 Phlebotomus and 10 Sergentomyia. Each species has its own ecological distribution except in the mountains of the central Sahara where both Mediterranean species and species of the Ethiopian zoo-geographical area occur together. Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi are the proven vectors of Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis and L. major cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively.