Papyrus can be used as alternative to woodfuel for smoking fish. The product is as acceptable as fish smoked with woodfuel. Smoking with papyrus offers no immediate price premium to the fish smoker but some net profit advantages may arise where costs can be reduced by its use, and where quality improvements can be obtained by the closer attention to the smoking process necessitated by papyrus. In locations where papyrus and woodfuel are both abundant there is no perceived cost advantage to the fish smoker in smoking with papyrus and papyrus is rarely seen as a possible alternative to woodfuel, even in areas of woodfuel scarcity. Given the sociological and economic values attached by the government of Uganda to riverine and lakeside forests,further efforts to disseminate knowledge ofpapyrus as an alternative fuel, and of the fuel savings to be gained in using improved kiln designs are recommended.