This article discusses the old problem of contact or syncytial connections of neurons in the nervous system. The authors confirm the correctness of neuron theory, but still present some data on a possibility of neuronal syncytium in such cases as formation of myelin-covered ring-shaped structures in the zone of dendrites, nervous arcades in the area of neuronal soma or in thick straight anastomoses between neuron bodies. Authors were able to demonstrate the formation of such structures in the isolated neuron culture with the help of computer time-lapse phase contrast microscopy. The proof and time parameters of fusion of the processes of the same living neuron are given for the first time. The fusion of fragments of isolated non-glial nerve fibre was demonstrated. The data of electron microscopy were presented in a preceding accompanying article.