
The surface of diarthrodial joints is covered by hyaline cartilage whose regeneration capacity is extremely limited. Conventional surgical techniques enable repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects only by fibrous cartilage having poor mechanical properties. Recently, new techniques have been developed to provide hyaline or hyaline-like repair tissue in the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects. Autologous osteochondral transplantation involves press-fit implantation of both bone and cartilage obtained from healthy articular surface. The principal indication for this technique is unifocal full-thickness chondral or osteochondral defects measuring 1 to 4 square centimeters. This surgical procedure can be performed openly or arthroscopically. The graft should be placed vertically and evenly to the joint surface. Although short-term and mid-term results are satisfactory, several problems have been reported including donor site morbidity, damage to cartilage, and incongruity and incorporation of the graft. Autologous osteochondral transplantation provides viable osteochondral units at a single stage and eliminates the need for culturing chondrocytes which is quite expensive. Currently, no surgical technique or medical treatment provide complete healing of articular cartilage defects. Autologous osteochondral transplantation is an important stage worthy of improvement in this respect.
Eklem yüzeyleri iyileşme kapasitesi son derece sınırlı olan hiyalin tipte kıkırdakla kaplıdır. Konvansiyonel cerrahi teknikler tam kat kıkırdak defektlerinin ancak mekanik özellikleri zayıf fibroz kıkırdakla iyileşebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Son yıllarda kıkırdak defektlerinin tedavisinde hiyalin ve hiyalin benzeri tamir dokusu sağlamak için yeni teknikler geliştirilmektedir. Osteokondral otogreft transplantasyonu kemik ve üzerindeki kıkırdak dokunun bir blok halinde sağlıklı eklem yüzeyinden alınıp lezyon bölgesine sıkıştırılarak yerleştirme tekniğidir. Temel endikasyonu tek odaklı 1-4 cm2 arasında değişen tam kat kıkırdak ve kemik-kıkırdak defektleridir. Bu teknik açık veya artroskopik olarak yapılabilir. Greftler eklem yüzeyi seviyesinde ve dik olarak yerleştirilmelidir. Kısa ve orta dönem sonuçları tatminkar olmasına karşın, donör saha sorunları, kıkırdak hasarı, yüzey uyumsuzluğu ve greftin bütünleşme sorunları bildirilmiştir. Osteokondral otogreft transplantasyonu tek basamakta canlı kemik kıkırdak ünitelerini sağlar ve oldukça pahalı otolog kondrosit kültürlerine gereksinimi ortadan kaldırır. Günümüzde tam kıkırdak iyileşmesini sağlayan herhangi bir cerrahi teknik ya da tıbbi yöntem geliştirilmemiştir. Osteokondral otogreft transplantasyonu bu arayışta önemli bir basamaktır ve geliştirilmesi gereken bir yöntemdir.
Cartilage, Articular, Bone Transplantation, Chondrocytes, Treatment Outcome, Cell Transplantation, Humans, Joint Diseases, Transplantation, Autologous
Cartilage, Articular, Bone Transplantation, Chondrocytes, Treatment Outcome, Cell Transplantation, Humans, Joint Diseases, Transplantation, Autologous
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