There are frequent clinical Cases in Cardiological practice when cardiac failure develops together with normal systolic function of left ventricle. In these patients after revealing the diastolic dysfunction the heart diastolic failure is diagnosed, but in frequent cases this diagnosis is based on exclusion method. According to Framingham data the number of patients with clinically manifested diastolic dysfunction is high; it is age-dependent and reveals in women mostly; that means that the problem is social as well as medical one. Thus the study of pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment opportunities of heart diastolic insufficiency is of great actuality. The present article reviews the studies related to the problem abovementioned.