Noroviruses (NVs) were one of the new borne viruses, which was found firstly in the Unit States of America in 1972 and reported in China in 1995. The main food-borne viral pathogens affect people badly and cause the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all kinds of people. And to this day, however, no cell lines and animal models have been found, which has hampered the study of these viruses. With the progress of the molecular biology and other subjects, the genomes of different NVs were sequenced, and the proteins of the viruses were expressed in vitro by the eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems respectively. Therefore, the novel knowledge and ideas on NVs were developed quickly in the character of these kinds of viruses. In this article, the NVs were described systematically, such as the structure of genomes and function of these nucleotides, organization and function of proteins, application and development of detecting and accumulation of epidemiology. Furthermore, the majority of researchers were interested in and focused on the study of protein and the detection of viruses. The progress and obstacles in this field were also involved. In additional, the suggestions were mentioned about the molecular evolution, detection and multiplication system in vitro on the viruses.