Growth hormone (GH) is a polypeptide secreted by somatotropic cells of the anterior part of the hypophysis. Its usage was firstly restricted to children with growth hormone deficiency. Because of molecular biology development and greater availability of GH, the range of its therapeutic applications has widened. Apart from supplementary management of GH deficiency in children and adults, nowadays it is commonly used as first-line therapy in many disorders associated with short height. The aim of this paper is to present the exact role of GH in contemporary pharmacotherapy and adverse effects of treatment with GH. We review both well-known and less-commonly known indications for this form of treatment. Suggested dosage and the time of the beginning and duration of therapy are also discussed.