Candiduria remains a controversial issue for clinicians once that it may represent a broad variety of possibilities including colonization, local or systemic infection. We will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of candiduria in different settings of patients, including renal transplant recipients. Definitions on therapy are mostly based on epidemiological and clinical data. Once antifungal therapy is required the following antifungal treatment may be used: intravenous amphotericin B, bladder irrigation with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Blood cultures may be required in patients with candiduria and high risk for developing hematogenous infection. Removal of the urinary catheter must be considered in order to avoid persistent candiduria and recurrence.